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ARS Home » Southeast Area » Little Rock, Arkansas » Microbiome and Metabolism Research Unit » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #164339
Title: LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC/ELECTROSPRAY IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRIC STUDIES OF PROANTHOCYANIDINS IN FOOD

Author
item GU, L - ACNC
item KELM, M - MARS, INC.
item HAMMERSTONE, J - MARS, INC.
item ZHANG, Z - BRUKER DALTONICS
item BEECHER, G - FORMER USDA, ARS
item HOLDEN, J - USDA, ARS
item HAYTOWITZ, D - USDA, ARS
item PRIOR, R - USDA, ARS

Submitted to: Mass Spectrometry
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 9/6/2003
Publication Date: 10/29/2003
Citation: Gu, L., Kelm, M., Hammerstone, J.F., Zhang, Z., Beecher, G., Holden, J., Haytowitz, D., Prior, R.L. 2003. Liquid chromatographic/electrospray ionization mass spectrometric studies of proanthocyanidins in food. Mass Spectrometry. 38(12):1272-1280.

Interpretive Summary: Proanthocyanidins, also known as condensed tannins, are large complex compounds found in many foods and are present as the second most abundant class of natural phenolic compounds in foods. Proanthocyanidins possess potential health-promoting effects. Because these compounds are so complex, little work has been done on characterizing their chemical structures. In this report, the proanthocyanidins in three foods (pinto beans, plums and cinnamon) were studied. Novel heterogeneous proanthocyanidins were identified for the first time in pinto beans. Proanthocyanidins with unique structures were also identified in plums and cinnamon. These studies form a basis from which biochemists and nutritionists can begin to understand how these compounds might be utilized in the body and have health promoting effects.

Technical Abstract: The proanthocyanidins in three foods (pinto beans, plums and cinnamon) were studied with electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) in the negative mode following separation by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The MS/MS analysis demonstrated that the major ions derived from heterocyclic ring fission and retro-Diels-Alder reaction of flavan-3-ol provided information about the hydroxylation pattern and type of interflavan bond. The connection sequence of the oligomers was identified through diagnostic ions derived from quinone methide (QM) cleavage of the interflavan bond. Novel heterogeneous B-type proanthocyanidins containing (epi)afzelechin as subunits were identified in pinto beans. Proanthocyanidins with interestingly different A-type linkages were identified in plums and cinnamon. In efforts aimed at extending the identification capacity of ESI-MS to polymers, we found that the polymeric procyanidins fragmented readily instead of forming multiply charged ions in the negative ESI mode. Fragmentation patterns were proposed based on our data obtained by ESI-MS/MS and ESI time-of-flight MS.