Author
 |
Olness, Alan |
|
Submitted to: International Congress on Plant Nutrition Proceedings
Publication Type: Proceedings Publication Acceptance Date: 5/4/2001 Publication Date: 5/4/2001 Citation: OLNESS, A.E. USING RESIN-EXTRACTION OF SOIL NUTRIENTS FOR GENOTYPE SELECTION AND FERTILITY MANAGEMENT. HORST, W.J. ET AL. EDITORS. KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS, NEW YORK, NY. PLANT NUTRITION: FOOD SECURITY AND SUSTAINABILITY OF AGRO-ECOSYSTEMS THROUGH BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH. 2001. P. 738-739. Interpretive Summary: Each plant variety or hybrid has a unique set of nutrient requirements for maximal growth. By extracting soils with resins and plotting the crop yield against different nutrient concentrations in the soil, we can identify nutrients in excess or deficient amounts. Using this method we found that a variety of soybean and a hybrid of maize each produced more grain as the magnesium:(magnesium + calcium) ratio increased. Yields of wheat, maize and soybean were decreased as the vanadium:(vanadium + phosphorus) ratio increased. Wheat yields increased as the extractable iron increased. Yields of wheat were also affected by extractable potassium in a complex manner. At rather low amounts of potassium, yields increased as potassium increased. At rather large concentrations of potassium, however, wheat yields decreased as potassium levels increased. Of the two varieties of wheat, three varieties of soybean and two hybrids of maize studied, each one showed a different response to the soil environment. Recognition of these complex relationships will guide soil fertility specialists in management recommendations, crop breeders in development of varieties better suited to soils, and crop producers in the selection of crops best suited for their soils. Technical Abstract: Efficient use of resources requires matching plant and soil potential and this requires assessments of the soil resource and correlation with crop yield. Two hybrids of maize (Zea mays L.), three varieties of soybean (Glycine max L.) and two varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown in rotational succession annually on a 3.2 ha field site. Soil samples (0 to 15 cm) were extracted with cation- and anion-exchange resins Extracted chemical concentrations were regressed against seed yield. Each genotype was sensitive to a unique suite of chemistries. Soybean variety 9091 and maize hybrid 2292 both showed marked responses to the Mg:(Mg+Ca) ratio which suggests that Mg may be a reasonable fertilizer. While most genotypes were sensitive to the presence of vanadium (V) and/or to the V:(V+P) ratio, one variety each of soybean and wheat were insensitive to this ratio. Wheat yields increased with Fe and showed a curvi-linear response to K. Losses of yield potentials due to the V:(V+P) ratio ranged from nil to as much as 25% as the ratio ranged from 0 to about 0.15 for all crops (about 700 kg for soybean, 2000 kg for maize and 600 kg for wheat ha**-1). |
