Effects of high-fat diets composed of different oils on adipokine production in mice

Authors: Sundaram, Sneha; Bukowski, Michael; Picklo, Matthew; Yan, Lin

Submitted to: Workshop Proceedings
Publication Type: Abstract Only
Publication Acceptance Date: 5/1/2015
Publication Date: 5/31/2015
Citation: Sundaram, S., Bukowski, M.R., Picklo, M.J., Yan, L. 2015. Effects of high-fat diets composed of different oils on adipokine production in mice. Workshop Proceedings. 27.

Interpretive Summary: Dysregulation of adipokines is a hallmark of obesity. Polyunsaturated (n3) fatty acids in fish oil are shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects on adipose tissue mitigating the dysregulation of adipokines. In this study, we compared high-fat diets composed of different dietary oils with various levels of linoleic acid (18:2n6, LA) and a-linolenic acid (18:3n3, ALA) on adipokine production in male C57BL/6 mice. Mice were fed AIN93G diet (16% of energy from corn oil) or a high-fat diet with 45% of energy from corn oil (low ALA, high LA) in comparison with that from soybean oil (ALA adequate, high LA), high-oleic sunflower oil (ALA adequate, low LA), flaxseed oil (ALA adequate, LA adequate) or fish oil (high long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, low LA) for 11 weeks. High-fat diets, regardless of types of oils, significantly increased body weight and body fat mass compared to the AIN93G-fed controls; there were no significant differences in body weight and body fat among the high-fat fed groups. There was no significant difference in caloric intake among all of the groups. High-fat diets, with the exception of the fish oil diet, significantly elevated plasma concentrations of insulin compared to the AIN93F-fed controls with no difference in plasma insulin between the control and the fish oil groups. Plasma concentrations of adiponectin were significantly elevated in the fish oil-fed group compared to the control group or each of the other high-fat fed groups. Taken together, our findings suggest that consumption of fish oil may affect adipokine profile in a favorable manner compared to other types of dietary fats.

Technical Abstract: Dysregulation of adipokines is a hallmark of obesity. Polyunsaturated (n3) fatty acids in fish oil are shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects on adipose tissue mitigating the dysregulation of adipokines. In this study, we compared high-fat diets composed of different dietary oils with various levels of linoleic acid (18:2n6, LA) and a-linolenic acid (18:3n3, ALA) on adipokine production in male C57BL/6 mice. Mice were fed AIN93G diet (16% of energy from corn oil) or a high-fat diet with 45% of energy from corn oil (low ALA, high LA) in comparison with that from soybean oil (ALA adequate, high LA), high-oleic sunflower oil (ALA adequate, low LA), flaxseed oil (ALA adequate, LA adequate) or fish oil (high long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, low LA) for 11 weeks. High-fat diets, regardless of types of oils, significantly increased body weight and body fat mass compared to the AIN93G-fed controls; there were no significant differences in body weight and body fat among the high-fat fed groups. There was no significant difference in caloric intake among all of the groups. High-fat diets, with the exception of the fish oil diet, significantly elevated plasma concentrations of insulin compared to the AIN93F-fed controls with no difference in plasma insulin between the control and the fish oil groups. Plasma concentrations of adiponectin were significantly elevated in the fish oil-fed group compared to the control group or each of the other high-fat fed groups. Taken together, our findings suggest that consumption of fish oil may affect adipokine profile in a favorable manner compared to other types of dietary fats.