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ARS Home » Southeast Area » Tifton, Georgia » Crop Protection and Management Research » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #293514
Title: Yield advances in peanut - weed control effects

Author
item Johnson, Wiley - Carroll

Submitted to: American Peanut Research and Education Society Abstracts
Publication Type: Abstract Only
Publication Acceptance Date: 4/30/2013
Publication Date: 7/8/2013
Citation: Johnson, W.C. 2013. Yield advances in peanut - weed control effects [abstract]. American Peanut Research and Education Society Abstracts. 45:14.

Interpretive Summary:

Technical Abstract: Improvements in weed management are a contributing factor to advancements in peanut yield. Widespread use of vacuum planters and increased acceptance of narrow row patterns enhance weed control by lessening bareground caused by skips and promoting quick canopy closure. Cultivation was traditionally an integral component in peanut weed management. New herbicide developments improved overall weed control and cultivation is no longer needed. There is a direct correlation between incidence of stem rot and displaced soil thrown on peanut plants from cultivation. Not needing to cultivate lessens disease epidemics and protects peanut yield. Recently developed herbicides are more consistent, versatile, and have a broader-spectrum than earlier herbicides. Of these, four active ingredients (diclosulam, flumioxazin, imazapic, and imazethapyr) have superior residual weed control properties that were previously unavailable. In 2013, there were three postemergence herbicides registered for use on peanut to control annual and perennial grasses; sethoxydim, clethodim, and fluazifop. Registrations of these herbicides were major weed control milestones in peanut production and have largely eliminated yield losses from grasses that escaped earlier control efforts. Despite the broad-spectrum of weeds controlled by the recently developed herbicides, no single herbicide adequately controls all species. Herbicide Application Decision Support System (HADSS) is an expert system developed by North Carolina State University to help peanut growers correctly choose herbicides based on the weed species present. Changes in weed species diversity and weed resistance to herbicides are continual research topics in peanut to ensure peanut yield advances are maintained.