Research Project: Sensing Technologies for the Detection and Characterization of Microbial, Chemical, and Biological Contaminants in Foods

Location: Environmental Microbial & Food Safety Laboratory

Publications (Clicking on the reprint icon will take you to the publication reprint.)

Determination of spectral resolutions for multispectral detection of apple bruises using visible/near-infrared hyperspectral reflectance imaging - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Baek, I., Mo, C., Eggleton, C., Gadsden, S.A., Cho, B., Lee, H., Kim, M.S., Qin, J. 2022. Determination of spectral resolutions for multispectral detection of apple bruises using visible/near-infrared hyperspectral reflectance imaging. Frontiers in Plant Science. 13:963591. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.963591.

Non-destructive identification of fake eggs using fluorescence spectral analysis and hyperspectral imaging - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Joshi, R., Joshi, R., Kim, G., Kim, M.S., Baek, I., Lee, H., Mo, C., Cho, B., Kim, G., Park, E. 2022. Non-destructive identification of fake eggs using fluorescence spectral analysis and hyperspectral imaging. Korean Journal of Agricultural Science. 49:495-510. https://doi.org/10.7744/kjoas.20220043.

Analysis of RGB plant images to identify root rot disease in Korean ginseng plants using deep learning - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Kumar, P., Faqeerzada, M., Park, E., Kim, Y., Joshi, R., Amanah, H., Sultana, T., Kim, H., Nabwire, S., Baek, I., Kim, M.S., Cho, B. 2022. Analysis of RGB plant images to identify root rot disease in Korean ginseng plants using deep learning. Applied Sciences. 12:2489. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12052489.

Simulated annealing-based hyperspectral data optimization for fish species classification: Can the number of measured wavelengths be reduced? - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Chauvin, J., Duran, R., Tavakolian, K., Akhbardeh, A., Mackinnon, N., Qin, J., Chan, D.E., Hwang, C., Baek, I., Kim, M.S., Isaacs, R., Yilmaz, A., Roungchun, J., Hellberg, R., Vasefi, F. 2021. Simulated annealing-based hyperspectral data optimization for fish species classification: Can the number of measured wavelengths be reduced? Food Control. 11:10628. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112210628.

Quantitative detection of benzoyl peroxide in wheat flour using line-scan short-wave infrared hyperspectral imaging - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Kim, G., Lee, H., Baek, I., Cho, B., Kim, M.S. 2021. Quantitative detection of benzoyl peroxide in wheat flour using line-scan short-wave infrared hyperspectral imaging. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical. 352:130997. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2021.130997.

Quantitative evaluation of food-waste components in organic fertilizer using visible–near-infrared hyperspectral imaging - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Kim, G., Lee, H., Cho, B., Baek, I., Kim, M.S. 2021. Quantitative evaluation of food-waste components in organic fertilizer using visible–near-infrared hyperspectral imaging. Applied Sciences. 11(17):8201. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11178201.

High-throughput phenotyping approach for the evaluation of heat stress in Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) using hyperspectral reference image - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Park, E., Kim, Y., Omari, M., Suh, H., Faqeezada, M., Kim, M.S., Baek, I., Cho, B. 2021. High-throughput phenotyping approach for the evaluation of heat stress in Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) using hyperspectral reference image. Sensors. 21:5634. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165634.

Investigation of reflectance, fluorescence, and Raman hyperspectral imaging techniques for rapid detection of aflatoxins in ground maize - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Kim, Y., Baek, I., Lee, K., Qin, J., Kim, G., Shin, B.K., Chan, D.E., Herman, T.J., Cho, S., Kim, M.S. 2021. Investigation of reflectance, fluorescence, and Raman hyperspectral imaging techniques for rapid detection of aflatoxins in ground maize. Food Control. 132:108479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108479.

Continuous gradient temperature Raman spectroscopy of 1-stearoyl-2-docosahexonyl, 1-stearoyl- 2-arachidonoyl, and 1,2-steroyl phosphocholines - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Broadhurst, C., Schmidt, W.F., Qin, J., Chao, K., Kim, M.S. 2021. Continuous gradient temperature Raman spectroscopy of 1-stearoyl-2-docosahexonyl, 1-stearoyl- 2-arachidonoyl, and 1,2-steroyl phosphocholines. Chemistry and Physics of Lipids. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2021.105116.

Review: Application of artificial intelligence in phenomics - (Review Article)
Nabwire, S., Suh, H., Kim, M.S., Baek, I., Cho, B. 2021. Review: Application of artificial intelligence in phenomics. Sensors. 21, 4363. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21134363.

Quantitative analysis of glycerol concentration in red wine combining Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and multivariate analysis - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Joshi, R., Joshi, R., Kim, G., Faqeerzada, M.A., Amanah, H., Kim, J., Kim, M.S., Cho, B. 2021. Quantitative analysis of glycerol concentration in red wine combining Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and multivariate analysis. Korean Journal of Agricultural Science. 48:299-310. https://doi.org/10.7744/kjoas.20210023.

Detection of adulterated sugar with plastic packaging based on spatially offset Raman imaging - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Liu, Z., Huang, M., Zhu, Q., Qin, J., Kim, M.S. 2021. Detection of adulterated sugar with plastic packaging based on spatially offset Raman imaging. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 101:6281-6288. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.11297.

Non-destructive detection pilot study of vegetable organic residues using VNIR hyperspectral imaging and deep learning techniques - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Seo, Y., Kim, G., Lim, J., Lee, A., Kim, B., Jang, J., Mo, C., Kim, M.S. 2021. Non-destructive detection pilot study of vegetable organic residues using VNIR hyperspectral imaging and deep learning techniques. Sensors. 21(9):2899. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21092899.

Non-destructive freshness evaluation of intact prones using line-scan spatially offset Raman spectroscopy - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Liu, Z., Huang, M., Zhu, Q., Qin, J., Kim, M.S. 2021. Non-destructive freshness evaluation of intact prones using line-scan spatially offset Raman spectroscopy. Food Control. 126:108054. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108054.

Quality evaluation of agro-products by imaging and spectroscopy - (Book / Chapter)
Baek, I., Qin, J., Cho, B., Kim, M.S. 2021. Quality evaluation of agro-products by imaging and spectroscopy. Bentham Science Publishers. p. 27-48. https://doi.org/10.2174/97898114858001210101.

Development of fluorescence imaging technique to detect fresh-cut food organic residue on processing equipment surface - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Hwang, C., Mo, C., Seo, Y., Lim, J., Baek, I., Kim, M.S. 2021. Development of fluorescence imaging technique to detect fresh-cut food organic residue on processing equipment surface. Applied Sciences. 11(1), 458. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11010458.

Rapid and low-cost detection of moldy apple core based on an optical sensor system - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Li, L., Peng, Y., Li, Y., Yang, C., Chao, K. 2021. Rapid and low-cost detection of moldy apple core based on an optical sensor system. Postharvest Biology and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2020.111276.

Shortwave infrared hyperspectral imaging system coupled with multivariable method for TVB-N measurement in pork - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Baek, I., Lee, H., Cho, B., Mo, C., Chan, D.E., Kim, M.S. 2020. Shortwave infrared hyperspectral imaging system coupled with multivariable method for TVB-N measurement in pork. Food Control. 124, 107854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107854.

Lipids in the origin of intracellular detail and speciation in the Cambrian epoch and the significance of the last double bond of docosahexaenoic acid in cell signaling - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Crawford, M.A., Schmidt, W.F., Broadhurst, C.L., Thabet, M., Wang, Y. 2021. Lipids in the origin of intracellular detail and speciation in the Cambrian epoch and the significance of the last double bond of docosahexaenoic acid in cell signaling. Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102230.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for trace detection of tetracycline and dicyandiamide in milk using transparent substrate of Ag nanoparticle arrays - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Muhammad, M., Yan, B., Yao, G., Chao, K., Zhu, G., Huang, Q. 2020. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for trace detection of tetracycline and dicyandiamide in milk using transparent substrate of Ag nanoparticle arrays. American Chemical Society Applied Nano Materials. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.0c01389.

Classification of watermelon seeds using morphological patterns of X-ray imaging: A comparison of conventional machine learning and deep learning - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Ahmed, M.R., Yasmin, J., Park, E., Kim, G., Kim, M.S., Wakholi, C., Mo, C., Cho, B. 2020. Classification of watermelon seeds using morphological patterns of X-ray imaging: A comparison of conventional machine learning and deep learning. Sensors. 23(20), 6753. https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/s20236753.

Hyperspectral shortwave infrared image analysis for detection of adulterants in almond powder with one-class classification method - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Faqeerzada, M., Snatosh, S., Joshi, R., Lee, H., Kim, G., Kim, M.S., Cho, B. 2020. Hyperspectral shortwave infrared image analysis for detection of adulterants in almond powder with one-class classification method. Sensors. 20(20), 5855. https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/s20205855.

Geographical origin discrimination of white rice based on image pixel size using hyperspectral fluorescence imaging analysis - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Kim, M., Lim, J., Kwon, S.W., Kim, G., Kim, M.S., Cho, B., Baek, I., Lee, S.H., Seo, Y., Mo, C. 2020. Geographical origin discrimination of white rice based on image pixel size using hyperspectral fluorescence imaging analysis. Applied Sciences. 10(17), 6794. https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/app10175794.

Fraud in animal origin food products: advances in emerging detection methods over the past five years - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Hassoun, A., Mage, I., Schmidt, W.F., Temiz, H., Li, L., Kim, H., Nilsen, H., Biancolillo, A., Ait-Kaddour, A., Sikorski, M., Sikorski, E., Grassi, S., Cozzolino, D. 2020. Fraud in animal origin food products: advances in emerging detection methods over the past five years. Foods. 9(8), 1069. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9081069.

Non-targeted detection of adulterants in almond powder using spectroscopic techniques combined with chemometrics - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Faqeerzada, M., Lohumo, S., Joshi, R., Kim, M.S., Baek, I., Cho, B. 2020. Non-targeted detection of adulterants in almond powder using spectroscopic techniques combined with chemometrics. Foods. 9(7), 976. https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/foods9070876.

Hyperspectral imaging from a multipurpose floating platform to estimate chlorophyll-a concentrations in irrigation pond water - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Kim, G., Baek, I., Stocker, M., Smith, J., Van Tessel, A., Qin, J., Chan, D.E., Pachepsky, Y.A., Kim, M.S. 2020. Hyperspectral imaging from a multipurpose floating platform to estimate chlorophyll-a concentrations in irrigation pond water. Remote Sensing. 13(12):2070. https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/rs12132070.

Estimation of heavy metals using deep neural network with visible and infrared spectroscopy of soil - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Pyo, J., Hong, S., Kwon, Y., Kim, M.S., Cho, K. 2020. Estimation of heavy metals using deep neural network with visible and infrared spectroscopy of soil. Journal of Hazardous Materials. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140162.

Raman spectral analysis for quality determination of grignard reagent - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Joshi, R., Joshi, R., Mo, C., Faqeezada, M., Amanah, H., Masithoh, R., Kim, M.S., Cho, B. 2020. Raman spectral analysis for quality determination of grignard reagent. Applied Sciences. 10(10):3545. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10103545.

Liquid molecular model explains discontinuity between site uniformity among three N-3 fatty acids and their 13C and 1H NMR spectra - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Schmidt, W.F., Chen, F., Broadhurst, C.L., Crawford, M. 2020. Liquid molecular model explains discontinuity between site uniformity among three N-3 fatty acids and their 13C and 1H NMR spectra. Journal of Molecular Liquids. 314:113376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113376.

Improvement in purity of healthy tomato seeds using an image-based one-class classification method - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Yasmin, J., Lohumi, S., Ahmed, M.R., Kandpal, L.M., Faqeerzada, M.A., Kim, M.S., Cho, B. 2020. Improvement in purity of healthy tomato seeds using an image-based one-class classification method. Sensors. 20(9):2690. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20092690.

Raman and IR spectroscopic modality for authentication of turmeric powder - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Chao, K., Dhakal, S., Schmidt, W.F., Qin, J., Kim, M.S., Peng, Y., Huang, Q. 2020. Raman and IR spectroscopic modality for authentication of turmeric powder. Journal of Food Chemistry. 320:126567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126567.

Detection of fish fillet substitution and mislabeling using multimode hyperspectral imaging techniques - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Qin, J., Vasefi, F., Hellberg, R.S., Akhbardesh, A., Issacs, R.B., Yilmaz, A., Hwang, C., Baek, I., Schmidt, W.F., Kim, M.S. 2020. Detection of fish fillet substitution and mislabeling using multimode hyperspectral imaging techniques. Food Control. 114:107234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107234.

Near-Infrared Transmittance Spectral Imaging for Nondestructive Measurement of Internal Disorder in Korean Ginseng - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Kandpal, L., Lee, J., Bae, H., Kim, M.S., Baek, I., Cho, B. 2020. Near-Infrared Transmittance Spectral Imaging for Nondestructive Measurement of Internal Disorder in Korean Ginseng. Sensors. 20:273. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20010273.

A facile and label-free SERS approach for inspection of fipronil in chicken eggs using SiO2@Au core/shell nanoparticles - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Muhammad, M., Yao, G., Zhong, J., Chao, K., Aziz, M., Huang, Q. 2020. A facile and label-free SERS approach for inspection of fipronil in chicken eggs using SiO2@Au core/shell nanoparticles. Talanta. 207:120324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120324.

Determination of the viability of retinispora (Hinoki cypress) seeds using shortwave infrared hyperspectral imaging spectroscopy - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Mukasa, P., Wahkoli, C., Mohammad, A., Park, E., Lee, J., Suh, H., Mo, C., Lee, H., Baek, I., Kim, M.S., Cho, B. 2020. Determination of the viability of retinispora (Hinoki cypress) seeds using shortwave infrared hyperspectral imaging spectroscopy. Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy. https://doi.org/10.1177/0967033519898890.

Detection of fish bones in fillets by Raman hyperspectral imaging technology - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Song, S., Liu, X., Huang, M., Zhu, Q., Qin, J., Kim, M.S. 2019. Detection of fish bones in fillets by Raman hyperspectral imaging technology. Journal of Food Engineering. 272:109808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2019.109808.

A feasibility study of rapid nondestructive detection of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) content in beef based on airflow and laser ranging technique - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Li, Y., Wang, W., Long, Y., Peng, Y., Li, Y., Chao, K., Tang, X. 2019. A feasibility study of rapid nondestructive detection of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) content in beef based on airflow and laser ranging technique. Meat Science. 145:367-374.

Raman spectral analysis for non-invasive detection of external and internal parameters of fake eggs - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Joshi, R., Lohumi, S., Joshi, R., Kim, M.S., Qin, J., Baek, I., Cho, B. 2019. Raman spectral analysis for non-invasive detection of external and internal parameters of fake eggs. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical. 303:127243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2019.127243.

A convolutional neural network regression for quantifying harmful cyanobacteria using hyperspectral imagery - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Pyo, J., Duan, H., Baek, S., Kim, M.S., Jeon, T., Kwon, Y., Lee, H., Cho, K. 2020. A convolutional neural network regression for quantifying harmful cyanobacteria using hyperspectral imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment. 233:111350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111350.

Improving sensitivity in Raman imaging for thin layered and powdered food analysis utilizing a reflection mirror - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lohumi, S., Kim, M.S., Qin, J., Cho, B. 2019. Improving sensitivity in Raman imaging for thin layered and powdered food analysis utilizing a reflection mirror. Sensors. 19(12):2698. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19122698.

GTRS and 2D-NMR studies of alpha and gamma linolenic acids each containing the same H2C14-(H–CC–H)–C11H2–(H–CC–H)–C8H2 moiety - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Schmidt, W.F., Chen, F., Broadhurst, L.C., Nguyen, J.K., Kim, M.S., Qin, J., Chao, K. 2019. GTRS and 2D-NMR studies of alpha and gamma linolenic acids each containing the same H2C14-(H–CC–H)–C11H2–(H–CC–H)–C8H2 moiety. Journal of Molecular Structure. 1196(11):258-270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.06.046.

Optimized multivariate analysis for the discrimination of cucumber green mosaic mottle virus-infected watermelon seeds based on spectral imaging - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

A correction method of mixed pesticide content prediction in apple by using Raman spectra - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Li, Y., Peng, Y., Qin, J., Chao, K. 2019. A correction method of mixed pesticide content prediction in apple by using Raman spectra. Applied Sciences. 9(8):1699.

Identification of unfertilized duck eggs before hatching using visible/near infrared transmittance spectroscopy - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Dong, J., Dong, X., Li, Y., Peng, Y., Chao, K., Gao, C., Tang, X. 2019. Identification of unfertilized duck eggs before hatching using visible/near infrared transmittance spectroscopy. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 157:471-478.

A nondestructive detection method for mixed veterinary drugs in pork using line-scan Raman chemical imaging technology - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Wang, W., Zhai, C., Peng, Y., Chao, K. 2019. A nondestructive detection method for mixed veterinary drugs in pork using line-scan Raman chemical imaging technology. Journal of Food Analytical Methods. 12(3):658-667.

Detection of additives and chemical contaminants in turmeric powder using FT-IR spectroscopy - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Dhakal, S., Schmidt, W.F., Kim, M.S., Tang, X., Peng, Y., Chao, K. 2019. Detection of additives and chemical contaminants in turmeric powder using FT-IR spectroscopy. Foods. 8(5):143.

Packaged food detection method based on the generalized Gaussian model for line-scan Raman scattering images - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Liu, Z., Huang, M., Zhu, Q., Qin, J., Kim, M.S. 2019. Packaged food detection method based on the generalized Gaussian model for line-scan Raman scattering images. Journal of Food Engineering. 258:9-17.

Raman hyperspectral imaging and spectral similarity analysis for quantitative detection of multiple adulterants in wheat flour - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lohumi, S., Lee, H., Kim, M.S., Qin, J., Cho, B. 2019. Raman hyperspectral imaging and spectral similarity analysis for quantitative detection of multiple adulterants in wheat flour. Biosystems Engineering. 181:103-113.

Selection of optimal hyperspectral wavebands for detection of discolored, diseased rice seeds - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Baek, I., Kim, M.S., Cho, B., Mo, C., Barnaby, J.Y., McClung, A.M., Oh, M. 2019. Selection of optimal hyperspectral wavebands for detection of discolored, diseased rice seeds. Applied Sciences. 9:1027. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9051027.

Classification method for viability screening of naturally aged watermelon seeds using FT-NIR spectroscopy - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Yasmin, J., Ahmed, M., Lohumi, S., Wakholi, C., Kim, M.S., Cho, B. 2019. Classification method for viability screening of naturally aged watermelon seeds using FT-NIR spectroscopy. Sensors. 19(5):1190. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19051190.

Rapid measurement of soybean seed viability using kernel-based multispectral imaging analysis - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Baek, I., Kusumaningrum, D., Kandpal, L., Lohumi, S., Mo, C., Kim, M.S., Cho, B. 2019. Rapid measurement of soybean seed viability using kernel-based multispectral imaging analysis. Sensors. 19(2):271. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19020271.

Application of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy for rapid and non-destructive discrimination of hulled barley, naked barley, and wheat contaminated with Fusarium - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lim, J., Kim, G., Mo, C., Oh, K., Kim, G., Ham, H., Kim, S., Kim, M.S. 2018. Application of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy for rapid and non-destructive discrimination of hulled barley, naked barley, and wheat contaminated with Fusarium. Sensors. 18(1):113. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18010113.

Continuous gradient temperature Raman spectroscopy of fish oils provides detailed vibrational analysis and rapid, nondestructive graphical product authentication - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Broadhurst, C.L., Schmidt, W.F., Qin, J., Chao, K., Kim, M.S. 2018. Continuous gradient temperature Raman spectroscopy of fish oils provides detailed vibrational analysis and rapid, nondestructive graphical product authentication. Molecules. 23(12):3293. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23123293.

Evaluation of SERS nanoparticles for detection of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Hong, J., Qin, J., Van Kessel, J.S., Oh, M., Dhakal, S., Lee, H., Kim, D., Kim, M.S., Cho, H. 2018. Evaluation of SERS nanoparticles for detection of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis. Biosystems Engineering. 43:394-400. https://doi.org/10.5307/JBE.2018.43.4.394.

Advances in Raman spectroscopy and imaging techniques for quality and safety inspection of horticultural products - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Qin, J., Kim, M.S., Chao, K., Dhakal, S., Cho, B., Lohumi, S., Mo, C., Peng, Y., Huang, M. 2019. Advances in Raman spectroscopy and imaging techniques for quality and safety inspection of horticultural products. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 149:101-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2018.11.004.

Inspection of maleic anhydride in starch powder using line-scan hyperspectral Raman chemical imaging technique - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Qin, J., Kim, M.S., Chao, K., Bellato, L., Schmidt, W.F., Cho, B., Huang, M. 2018. Inspection of maleic anhydride in starch powder using line-scan hyperspectral Raman chemical imaging technique. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering. 11(6):120–125. https://doi.org/10.25165/j.ijabe.20181106.4339.

Quality analysis of stored bell peppers using near-infrared hyperspectral imaging - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Rahman, A., Faqeerzada, M., Josh, R., Lohumi, S., Kandal, L., Lee, H., Mo, C., Kim, M.S., Cho, B. 2018. Quality analysis of stored bell peppers using near-infrared hyperspectral imaging. Transactions of the ASABE. 61(4):1-9. https://doi.org/10.13031/trans.12482.

Through-packaging analysis of butter adulteration using line-scan spatially offset Raman spectroscopy technique - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lohumi, S., Lee, H., Kim, M.S., Qin, J., Cho, B. 2018. Through-packaging analysis of butter adulteration using line-scan spatially offset Raman spectroscopy technique. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-018-1189-1.

Fabrication of a novel transparent SERS substrate comprised of Ag-nanoparticle arrays and its application in rapid detection of ractopamine on meat - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Yan, B., Sun, K., Chao, K., Alharbi, N., Li, J., Huang, Q. 2018. Fabrication of a novel transparent SERS substrate comprised of Ag-nanoparticle arrays and its application in rapid detection of ractopamine on meat. Journal of Food Analytical Methods. https://doi.org/10.1007s12161-018-1216-z.

A multispectral imaging system using solar illumination to distinguish fecal matter on leafy greens and soils - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Everard, C.D., Kim, M.S., Siemens, M., Cho, H., Lefcourt, A.M., Odonnel, C. 2018. A multispectral imaging system using solar illumination to distinguish fecal matter on leafy greens and soils. Biosystems Engineering. 171:258-264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2018.05.001.

Detection of melamine in milk powder using MCT-based shortwave infrared hyperspectral imaging system - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lee, H., Kim, M.S., Cho, B. 2018. Detection of melamine in milk powder using MCT-based shortwave infrared hyperspectral imaging system. Journal of Food Additives & Contaminants. 35(6):1027-1037. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2018.1469050.

Detection of azo dyes in curry powder using a 1064-nm dispersive hyperspectral Raman imaging system - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Dhakal, S., Chao, K., Schmidt, W.F., Qin, J., Kim, M.S., Huang, Q. 2018. Detection of azo dyes in curry powder using a 1064-nm dispersive hyperspectral Raman imaging system. Applied Sciences. 8(4):564.

Raman imaging for detection of adulterants in paprika powder: A comparison of data analysis methods - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lohumi, S., Lee, H., Kim, M.S., Qin, J., Cho, B. 2018. Raman imaging for detection of adulterants in paprika powder: A comparison of data analysis methods. Applied Sciences. 8:485. https://doi.org/10.3390/app8040485.

A 1064 nm dispersive Raman spectral imaging system for food safety and quality evaluation - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Chao, K., Dhakal, S., Qin, J., Kim, M.S., Peng, Y. 2018. A 1064 nm dispersive Raman spectral imaging system for food safety and quality evaluation. Applied Sciences. 8(3):431.

Assessment of polysaccharides from mycelia of genus Ganoderma by mid-infrared and near-infrared spectroscopy - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Ma, Y., He, H., Wu, J., Wang, C., Chao, K., Huang, Q. 2018. Assessment of polysaccharides from mycelia of genus Ganoderma by mid-infrared and near-infrared spectroscopy. Scientific Reports. 8:10.

Calibration and testing of a Raman hyperspectral imaging system to reveal powdered food adulteration - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lohumi, S., Lee, H., Kim, M.S., Qin, J., Kandpal, L., Bae, H., Rahman, A., Cho, B. 2018. Calibration and testing of a Raman hyperspectral imaging system to reveal powdered food adulteration. PLoS One. 13(4):e0195253. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195253.

A simple surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic method for on-site screening of tetracycline residue in whole milk - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Dhakal, S., Chao, K., Huang, Q., Kim, M.S., Schmidt, W.F., Qin, J., Broadhurst, C.L. 2018. A simple surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic method for on-site screening of tetracycline residue in whole milk. Sensors. 18(2):424.

Continuous gradient temperature Raman spectroscopy of six unsaturated fatty acids provides systematic three dimensional molecular structures - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Broadhurst, C.L., Schmidt, W.F., Nguyen, J.K., Qin, J., Chao, K., Kim, M.S. 2018. Continuous gradient temperature Raman spectroscopy of six unsaturated fatty acids provides systematic three dimensional molecular structures. Journal of Biophysical Chemistry. 9:1-14.

Development of PID and fuzzy control strategies for navigation in agricultural environments - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Bonadies, S., Smith, N., Niewoehner, N., Lee, A.S., Lefcourt, A.M., Gadsden, A. 2018. Development of PID and fuzzy control strategies for navigation in agricultural environments. Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control. 140(6):061007.

Determination of the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) content in pork meat using hyperspectral fluorescence imaging - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lee, H., Kim, M.S., Lee, W., Cho, B. 2017. Determination of the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) content in pork meat using hyperspectral fluorescence imaging. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical. 259:532-539.

Rapid and nondestructive discrimination of Fusarium asiaticum and Fusarium graminearum in hulled barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) using near-infrared spectroscopy - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lim, J., Mo, C., Oh, K., Kim, G., Yoo, H., Ham, H., Kim, Y., Kim, S., Kim, M.S. 2017. Rapid and nondestructive discrimination of Fusarium asiaticum and Fusarium graminearum in hulled barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) using near-infrared spectroscopy. Journal of Biosystems Engineering. https://doi.org/10.5307/JBE.2017.42.4.301.

Hyperspectral determination of fluorescence wavebands for multispectral imaging detection of multiple animal fecal species contamination on romaine lettuce - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Cho, H., Kim, M.S., Kim, S., Lee, H., Oh, M., Chung, S. 2018. Hyperspectral determination of fluorescence wavebands for multispectral imaging detection of multiple animal fecal species contamination on romaine lettuce. Food and Bioprocess Technology. 11:774-784.

Hyperspectral imaging and partial least square discriminant analysis for geographical origin discrimination of white rice - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Mo, C., Lim, J., Kwon, S., Lim, D., Kim, M.S., Kim, G., Kang, H., Kwon, K., Cho, B. 2018. Hyperspectral imaging and partial least square discriminant analysis for geographical origin discrimination of white rice. Journal of Biosystems Engineering. https://doi.org/10.5307/JBE.2017.42.4.293.

Interactions of isolation and shading on ability to use fluorescence imaging to detect fecal contaminated spinach - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lefcourt, A.M., Siemans, M. 2017. Interactions of isolation and shading on ability to use fluorescence imaging to detect fecal contaminated spinach. Applied Sciences. 7(10):1041.

Continuous gradient temperature Raman spectroscopy from -100 to 40°C yields new molecular models of arachidonic acid and 2-arachidonoyl-1-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Broadhurst, C.L., Schmidt, W.F., Nguyen, J.K., Qin, J., Chao, K., Kim, M.S. 2017. Continuous gradient temperature Raman spectroscopy from -100 to 40°C yields new molecular models of arachidonic acid and 2-arachidonoyl-1-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine . Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids. 127: 6-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plefa.2017.09.019.

Classification of Fusarium-infected Korean husked barley using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy and partial least squares discriminant analysis - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lim, J., Kim, G., Mo, C., Oh, K., Yoo, H., Ham, H., Kim, M.S. 2017. Classification of Fusarium-infected Korean husked barley using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy and partial least squares discriminant analysis. Sensors. 17(10):2258. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17102258.

Raman hyperspectral imaging for detection of watermelon seeds infected with acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lee, H., Kim, M.S., Qin, J., Park, E., Song, Y., Oh, C., Cho, B. 2017. Raman hyperspectral imaging for detection of watermelon seeds infected with acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli. Sensors. 17(10):2188. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17102188.

Machine vision technique for rapid measurement of soybean seed vigor - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lee, H., Huy, T., Park, E., Bae, H., Baek, I., Kim, M.S., Mo, C., Cho, B. 2017. Machine vision technique for rapid vigor measurement of soybean seed. Journal of Biosystems Engineering. https://doi.org/10.5307/JBE.2017.42.3.227.

Nondestructive technique for determining the viability of soybean (Glycine max) seeds using FT-NIR spectroscopy - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Kusumaningrum, D., Lee, H., Kim, M.S., Cho, B. 2017. Nondestructive technique for determining the viability of soybean (Glycine max) seeds using FT-NIR spectroscopy. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 98:1734-1742. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.8646.

Raman chemical imaging technology for food and agricultural applications - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Qin, J., Kim, M.S., Chao, K., Cho, B. 2017. Raman chemical imaging technology for food and agricultural applications. Journal of Biosystems Engineering. 42(3):170-189.

Rapid assessment of corn seed viability using short wave infrared line-scan hyperspectral imaging and chemometrics - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Wakholi, C., Kandpal, L., Lee, H., Bae, H., Seo, Y., Kim, M.S., Mo, C., Lee, W., Cho, B. 2018. Rapid assessment of corn seed viability using short wave infrared line-scan hyperspectral imaging and chemometrics. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical. 255:498-507.

Effects of the adulteration technique on the near-infrared detection of melamine in milk powder - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Scholl, P., Bergana, M., Yakes, B., Zbylut, S., Downey, G., Mossoba, M., Jablonski, J., Margaletta, R., Holroyd, S.E., Buehler, M., Qin, J., Xie, Z., Hurst, W., Laponte, J.H., Roberts, D., Zrybko, C., Mackey, A., Holton, J.D., Israelson, G.A., Payne, A., Kim, M.S., Chao, K., Moore, J. 2017. Effects of the adulteration technique on the near-infrared detection of melamine in milk powder. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 65:5799-5809.

Extraction and identification of mixed pesticides’ Raman signal and establishment of their prediction models - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Chen, Z., Peng, Y., Li, Y., Chao, K. 2017. Extraction and identification of mixed pesticides’ Raman signal and establishment of their prediction models. Raman Spectroscopy. 48(3):494-500.

Discrimination methods of biological contamination on fresh-cut lettuce based on VNIR and NIR hyperspectral imaging - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Mo, C., Kim, G., Kim, M.S., Lim, J., Lee, S.H., Lee, H., Kang, J., Cho, B. 2017. Discrimination methods of biological contamination on fresh-cut lettuce based on VNIR and NIR hyperspectral imaging. Infrared Physics and Technology. 85:1-12.

Raman imaging from microscopy to macroscopy: Quality and safety control of biological materials - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lohumi, S., Kim, M.S., Qin, J., Cho, B. 2017. Raman imaging from microscopy to macroscopy: Quality and safety control of biological materials. Trends in Analytical Chemistry. 93:183-198.

Multipurpose floating platform for hyperspectral imaging, sampling and sensing of surface water sources used in irrigation and recreation - (Abstract Only)
Lee, H., Pachepsky, Y.A., Shelton, D.R., Stocher, M., Baek, I., Oh, M., Hong, E., Kim, M.S. 2017. Multipurpose floating platform for hyperspectral imaging, sampling and sensing of surface water sources used in irrigation and recreation. BARC Poster Day. 28th Annual BARC Poster Day, Beltsville, MD on April 26, 2017.

Quantitative detection of benzoyl peroxide in wheat flour by line-scan macro-scale Raman chemical imaging - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Qin, J., Kim, M.S., Chao, K., Gonzalez, M., Cho, B. 2017. Quantitative detection of benzoyl peroxide in wheat flour by line-scan macro-scale Raman chemical imaging. Applied Spectroscopy. doi:10.1177/0003702817706690.

Raman spectroscopy method for subsurface detection of food powders through plastic layers - (Proceedings)
Dhakal, S., Chao, K., Qin, J., Kim, M.S., Chan, D.E. 2017. Raman spectroscopy method for subsurface detection of food powders through plastic layers. Proceedings of SPIE, Sensing for Agriculture and Food Quality and Safety IX, 1021706.

Spatial assessment of soluble solid contents on apple slices using hyperspectral imaging - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Mo, C., Kim, M.S., Kim, G., Lim, J., Delwiche, S.R., Chao, K., Lee, H., Cho, B. 2017. Spatial assessment of soluble solid contents on apple slices using hyperspectral imaging. Biosystems Engineering. 159:10-21.

A spatially offset Raman spectroscopy method for non-destructive detection of gelatin-encapsulated powders - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Chao, K., Dhakal, S., Qin, J., Schmidt, W.F., Kim, M.S., Chan, D.E. 2017. A spatially offset Raman spectroscopy method for non-destructive detection of gelatin-encapsulated powders. Sensors. 17(3):618.

Continuous gradient temperature Raman spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry of N-3DPA and DHA from -100 to 10°C - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Broadhurst, C.L., Schmidt, W.F., Nguyen, J.K., Qin, J., Chao, K., Aubuchon, S.R., Kim, M.S. 2017. Continuous gradient temperature Raman spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry of N-3DPA and DHA from -100 to 10°C. Chemistry and Physics of Lipids. 204:94-104.

Using torsional forces to explain the gradient temperature Raman spectra of endosulfan isomers and its irreversible isomerization - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Schmidt, W.F., Hapeman, C.J., McConnell, L., Mookherji, S., Rice, C., Nguyen, J.K., Qin, J., Chao, K., Kim, M.S., Broadhurst, C.L., Shelton, D.R. 2017. Using torsional forces to explain the gradient temperature Raman spectra of endosulfan isomers and its irreversible isomerization. Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy. 1139:43-51.

Raman spectroscopy - (Book / Chapter)
Dhakal, S., Qin, J., Kim, M.S., Chao, K. 2017. Raman spectroscopy. In: Franca, A.S., Nollet, L.M.L., editors. Spectroscopic Methods in Food Analysis. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 111-142.

Fluorescence hyperspectral imaging technique for the foreign substance detection on fresh-cut lettuce - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Mo, C., Kim, G., Kim, M.S., Lim, J., Cho, H., Barnaby, J.Y., Cho, B. 2017. Fluorescence hyperspectral imaging technique for the foreign substance detection on fresh-cut lettuce. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 97(12):3985-3993.

Identification and evaluation of composition in food powder using point-scan Raman spectral imaging - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Dhakal, S., Chao, K., Qin, J., Kim, M.S., Chan, D.E. 2017. Identification and evaluation of composition in food powder using point-scan Raman spectral imaging. Applied Sciences. 7(1):1.

Line-scan hyperspectral imaging techniques for food and agricultural applications - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Qin, J., Kim, M.S., Chao, K., Chan, D.E., Delwiche, S.R., Cho, B. 2017. Line-scan hyperspectral imaging techniques for food and agricultural applications. Applied Sciences. 7(20):125.

Nondestructive estimation of moisture content, pH and soluble solid contents in intact tomatoes using hyperspectral imaging - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Rahman, A., Kandpal, L.M., Lohomi, S., Kim, M.S., Lee, H., Mo, C., Cho, B. 2017. Nondestructive estimation of moisture content, pH and soluble solid contents in in intact tomatoes using hyperspectral imaging. Applied Sciences. 7(1):109. https://doi:10.3390/app7010109.

On-line fresh-cut lettuce quality measurement system using hyperspectral imaging - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Mo, C., Kim, K., Kim, M.S., Lim, J., Lee, K., Lee, W., Cho, B. 2017. On-line fresh-cut lettuce quality measurement system using hyperspectral imaging. Biosystems Engineering. 156:38-50.

Quantitative analysis of Sudan dye adulteration in paprika powder using FTIR spectroscopy - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lohumi, S., Joshi, R., Kandpal, L.M., Kim, M.S., Cho, H., Mo, C., Seo, Y., Rahman, A., Cho, B. 2017. Quantitative analysis of Sudan dye adulteration in paprika powder using FTIR spectroscopy. Journal of Food Additives & Contaminants. 34(5):678-686.

Automated cart with VIS/NIR hyperspectral reflectance and fluorescence imaging capabilities - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lefcourt, A.M., Kistler, R., Gadsden, A., Kim, M.S. 2016. Automated cart with VIS/NIR hyperspectral reflectance and fluorescence imaging capabilities. Applied Sciences. 7(1):3.

Line-scan Raman imaging and spectroscopy platform for surface and subsurface evaluation of food safety and quality - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Qin, J., Kim, M.S., Chao, K., Schmidt, W.F., Cho, B., Delwiche, S.R. 2017. Line-scan Raman imaging and spectroscopy platform for surface and subsurface evaluation of food safety and quality. Journal of Food Engineering. 198:17-27.

Detection and quantification of adulterants in milk powder using high-throughput Raman chemical imaging technique - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Qin, J., Kim, M.S., Chao, K., Dhakal, S., Lee, H., Cho, B. 2017. Detection and quantification of adulterants in milk powder using high-throughput Raman chemical imaging technique. Food Additives & Contaminants. 34(2):152-161.

Design of an automated cart and mount for a hyperspectral imaging system to be used in produce fields - (Proceedings)
Lefcourt, A.M., Kistler, R., Gadsden, A. 2016. Design of an automated cart and mount for a hyperspectral imaging system to be used in produce fields. Proceedings of SPIE. SPIE symposium paper, April 17-21, 2016, Baltimore, MD.

Study on Raman spectral imaging method for simultaneous estimation of ingredients concentration in food powder - (Proceedings)
Dhakal, S., Chao, K., Qin, J., Kim, M.S., Schmidt, W.F. 2016. Study on Raman spectral imaging method for simultaneous estimation of ingredients concentration in food powder. ASABE Annual International Meeting, St. Joseph, MI, ASABE Paper No. 16248037.

Raman spectral imaging technique on detection of melamine in skim milk powder - (Proceedings)
Chao, K., Dhakal, S., Qin, J., Kim, M.S. 2016. Raman spectral imaging technique on detection of melamine in skim milk powder. ASABE Annual International Meeting. ASABE Paper No. 162455818. American Society of Agricultural Biologists and Engineers, St. Joseph, MI.

Surface and subsurface inspection of food safety and quality using a line-scan Raman system - (Proceedings)
Qin, J., Kim, M.S., Chao, K., Schmidt, W.F., Delwiche, S.R. 2016. Surface and subsurface inspection of food safety and quality using a line-scan Raman system. ASABE Annual International Meeting, St. Joseph, MI. ASABE Paper No. 162460315.

Detecting adulterants in milk powder using high-throughput Raman chemical imaging - (Proceedings)
Qin, J., Kim, M.S., Chao, K., Dhakal, S., Lee, H. 2016. Detecting adulterants in milk powder using high-throughput Raman chemical imaging. ASABE Annual International Meeting, St. Joseph, MI. ASABE Paper No. 162460307.

Detection of pork and poultry meat and bone meals in animal feed using hyperspectral imaging - (Proceedings)
Oh, M., Lee, H., Baek, I., Lee, K., Cho, H., Moon, S., Kim, E., Kim, M.S. 2016. Detection of pork and poultry meat and bone meals in animal feed using hyperspectral imaging. ASABE Annual International Meeting, St. Joseph, MI. ASABE Paper No. 162462786.

Continuous gradient temperature Raman spectroscopy of n-6 DPA and DHA from -100 C to 20°C - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Broadhurst, L., Schmidt, W.F., Kim, M.S., Nguyen, J.K., Qin, J., Chao, K., Bauchan, G.R., Shelton, D.R. 2016. Continuous gradient temperature Raman spectroscopy of n-6 DPA and DHA from -100 C to 20°C. Chemistry and Physics of Lipids. 200:1-10.

Biological sample evaluation using a line-scan based SWIR hyperspectral imaging system - (Proceedings)
Hong, S.M., Lee, H., Baek, I., Oh, M., Kim, M.S. 2016. Biological sample evaluation using a line-scan based SWIR hyperspectral imaging system. ASABE Annual International Meeting, St. Joseph, MI. ASABE Paper No. 162461739.

Waveband selection and algorithm development to distinguish fecal contamination using multispectral imaging with solar light - (Proceedings)
Everard, C., Cho, H., Kim, M.S., O'Donnell, C. 2016. Waveband selection and algorithm development to distinguish fecal contamination using multispectral imaging with solar light. ASABE Annual International Meeting, St. Joseph, MI. ASABE Paper No. 162461723.

Evaluation of turmeric powder adulterated with metanil yellow using FT-Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Dhakal, S., Chao, K., Schmidt, W.F., Qin, J., Kim, M.S., Chan, D.E. 2016. Evaluation of turmeric powder adulterated with metanil yellow using FT-Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy. Foods. 5(2):36-51.

A survey of unmanned ground vehicles with applications to agricultural and environmental sensing - (Proceedings)
Bonadies, S., Lefcourt, A.M., Gadsden, A. 2016. A survey of unmanned ground vehicles with applications to agricultural and environmental sensing. Proceedings of SPIE. SPIE symposium paper, April 17-21, 2016, Baltimore MD.

Detection of fecal contamination on beef meat surfaces using handheld fluorescence imaging device (HFID) - (Proceedings)
Oh, M., Cho, H., Moon, S., Kim, E., Kim, M.S. 2016. Detection of fecal contamination on beef meat surfaces using handheld fluorescence imaging device (HFID). Proceeding of the SPIE 9864, Sensing for Agriculture and Food Quality and Safety VIII, 986411.

Whole-surface round object imaging method using line-scan hyperspectral imaging system - (Proceedings)
Baek, I., Gadsden, A., Cho, B., Lee, H., Kim, M.S. 2016. Whole-surface round object imaging method using line-scan hyperspectral imaging system. Proceedings of SPIE 9864, Sensing for Agriculture and Food Quality and Safety VIII, 98640Z.

Detecting contaminating microorganism in human food and water from Raman mapping through biofilms - (Abstract Only)
Nguyen, J.K., Heighton, L., Xu, Y., Nou, X., Schmidt, W.F. 2016. Detecting contaminating microorganism in human food and water from Raman mapping through biofilms. BARC Poster Day. 2016 BARC Poster Day.

Penetration depth measurement of near-infrared hyperspectral imaging light for milk powder - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Huang, M., Kim, M.S., Chao, K., Qin, J., Mo, C., Esquerre, C., Delwiche, S.R., Zhu, Q. 2016. Penetration depth measurement of near-infrared hyperspectral imaging light for milk powder. Sensors. 16(4):441.