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ARS Home » Northeast Area » Newark, Delaware » Beneficial Insects Introduction Research Unit » People & Locations » Keith Hopper
Keith R Hopper
Beneficial Insects Introduction Research Unit
Research Entomologist

Phone: (302) 731-7330 ext. 238
Fax: (302) 731-1397

501 SOUTH CHAPEL STREET
NEWARK, DE 197133814

(Employee information on this page comes from the REE Directory. Please contact your front office staff to update the REE Directory.)

Projects
Genetics and Genomics of Introduced Species for Biological Control of Invasive Species
In-House Appropriated (D)
  Accession Number: 438520
Genetics and Genomics of Host Specificity in Aphid Parasitoids
Interagency Reimbursable Agreement (I)
  Accession Number: 431522

Publications (Clicking on the reprint icon Reprint Icon will take you to the publication reprint.)
Response to selection for parasitism of a sub-optimal, low-preference host in an aphid parasitoid Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Hopper, K.R., Wittmeyer, K.T., Kuhn, K.L., Lanier, K. 2021. Response to selection for parasitism of a sub-optimal, low-preference host in an aphid parasitoid. Evolutionary Applications. 00:1-13. https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13254.
Conflicted Signal in Transcriptomic Markers Leads to a Poorly Resolved Backbone Phylogeny of Chalcidoid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Zhang, J., Lindsey, A., Peters, R., Heraty, J.M., Hopper, K.R., Werren, J.H., Martinson, E.O., Woolley, J.B., Yoder, M.J., Krogmann, L. 2020. Conflicted Signal in Transcriptomic Markers Leads to a Poorly Resolved Backbone Phylogeny of Chalcidoid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Systematic Entomology. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12427.
Immune suppressive extracellular vesicle proteins of Leptopilina heterotoma are encoded in the wasp genome Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Wey, B., Heavner, M., Wittmeyer, K.T., Briese, T., Hopper, K.R., Govind, S. 2019. Immune suppressive extracellular vesicle proteins of Leptopilina heterotoma are encoded in the wasp genome. Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 10:1-12. https://doi.org/10.1534/g3.119.400349.
Evolution of glandular structures on the scapes of males in the genus Aphelinus Dalman, 1820 (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Shirley, X., Woolley, J.B., Hopper, K.R., Isidoro, N., Romani, R. 2019. Evolution of glandular structures on the scapes of males in the genus Aphelinus Dalman, 1820 (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 72:27-43. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.72.36356.
Counties not countries: Variation in host specificity among populations of an aphid parasitoid Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Hopper, K.R., Oppenheim, S.J., Kuhn, K.L., Lanier, K., Hoelmer, K.A., Heimpel, G.E., Meikle, W.G., O'Neil, R.J., Voegtlin, D.G., Wu, K., Woolley, J.B., Heraty, J.M. 2019. Counties not countries: Variation in host specificity among populations of an aphid parasitoid. Evolutionary Applications. 12(4):815-829. https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12759.
Bet hedging in evolutionary ecology with an emphasis on insects Reprint Icon - (Book / Chapter)
Hopper, K.R. 2018. Bet hedging in evolutionary ecology with an emphasis on insects. Reference Module in Life Sciences. Published (Online). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809633-8.90409-6..
Genomes of the Hymenoptera Reprint Icon - (Review Article)
Branstetter, M.G., Childers, A.K., Cox-Foster, D.L., Hopper, K.R., Kapheim, K.M., Toth, A.L., Worley, K.C. 2018. Genomes of the Hymenoptera. Current Opinion in Insect Science. 25:65-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2017.11.008.
The genetic architecture of ecological adaptation: Intraspecific variation in host plant use by the lepidopteran crop pest Chloridea virescens - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Oppenheim, S.J., Gould, F.L., Hopper, K.R. 2017. The genetic architecture of ecological adaptation: Intraspecific variation in host plant use by the lepidopteran crop pest Chloridea virescens. Heredity. published online.
Parasitoid host ranges: comparing studies from the laboratory and field - (Proceedings)
Heimpel, G.E., Hopper, K.R., Kaser, J.M., Miksanek, J., Bulgarella, M., Ramirez, I., Boulton, R.A. 2017. Parasitoid host ranges: comparing studies from the laboratory and field. International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods.
Host specificity of Aphelinus species collected from soybean aphid in Asia Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Hopper, K.R., Lanier, K., Rhoades, J.H., Hoelmer, K.A., Meikle, W.G., Heimpel, G.E., O'Neil, R.J., Voetglin, D.G., Woolley, J.B. 2017. Host specificity of Aphelinus species collected from soybean aphid in Asia. Biological Control. 115:55-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2017.09.004.
Intraspecific variation in facultative symbiont infection among native and exotic pest populations: potential implications for biological control Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Desneux, N., Monticelli, L., Luo, C., Asplen, M.K., Brady, C.M., Heimpel, G.E., Hopper, K.R., Oliver, K.M., White, J.A. 2017. Intraspecific variation in facultative symbiont infection among native and exotic pest populations: potential implications for biological control. Biological Control. 116: 27-35. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2017.06.007.
The defensive aphid symbiont Hamiltonella defensa affects host quality differently for Aphelinus glycinis versus Aphelinus atriplicis - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Hopper, K.R., Kuhn, K.L., Lanier, K., Rhoades, J.H., Oliver, K.M., White, J.A., Asplen, M.K., Heimpel, G.E. 2017. The defensive aphid symbiont Hamiltonella defensa affects host quality differently for Aphelinus glycinis versus Aphelinus atriplicis. Biological Control. doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2017.05.008.
Phased genotyping-by-sequencing enhances analysis of genetic diversity and reveals divergent copy number variants in maize - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Manching, H., Sengupta, S., Hopper, K.R., Polson, S.W., Ji, Y., Wisser, R.J. 2017. Phased genotyping-by-sequencing enhances analysis of genetic diversity and reveals divergent copy number variants in maize. Genes, Genomes, Genetics. 7(7):2161-2170. doi: 10.1534/g3.117.042036.
Host specificity of Aphelinus species considered for introduction to control Diuraphis noxia - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Hopper, K.R., Lanier, K., Rhoades, J., Kondos, R., Coutinot, D., Mercadier, G., Ramualde, N., Roche, M., Woolley, J.B., Heraty 2017. Host specificity of Aphelinus species considered for introduction to control Diuraphis noxia. Biological Control. 107:21-32.
Variation in genome size and karyotype among closely related parasitoids of aphids - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Gokhman, V.E., Kuhn, K.L., Woolley, J.B., Hopper, K.R. 2017. Variation in genome size and karyotype among closely related parasitoids of aphids. Comparative Cytogenetics. 11:97-117.
Revision of the Asychis species group of Aphelinus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Xanthe, S.A., Woolley, J.B., Hopper, K.R. 2017. Revision of the Asychis species group of Aphelinus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 54:1-32.
A new species of oobius trjapitzin (hymenoptera:encyrtidae) from the russian far east that parasitizes eggs of emerald ash borer (coleoptera:buprestidae) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Yao, Y., Duan, J.J., Hopper, K.R., Moltern, J.L., Gates, M.W. 2016. A new species of oobius trjapitzin (hymenoptera:encyrtidae) from the russian far east that parasitizes eggs of emerald ash borer (coleoptera:buprestidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 109(4):629-638. doi: 10.1093/aesa/saw022.
A new species of genus Oobius (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from the Russian Far East that parasitizes eggs of Emerald Ash Borer - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Yao, Y., Duan, J.J., Hopper, K.R., Mottern, J.L., Gates, M.W. 2016. A new species of genus Oobius (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from the Russian Far East that parasitizes eggs of Emerald Ash Borer. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 1-10: doi: 10.1093/aesa/saw022.
Arthropod genomics research in the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service: Current impacts and future prospects - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Coates, B.S., Poelchau, M.F., Childers, C., Evans, J.D., Handler, A.M., Guerrero, F., Skoda, S.R., Hopper, K.R., Wintermantel, W.M., Ling, K., Hunter, W.B., Oppert, B.S., Perez De Leon, A.A., Hackett, K.J., Shoemaker, D.D. 2015. Arthropod genomics research in the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service: Current impacts and future prospects. Trends in Entomology. 11(1):1-27.
Specialization of bacterial endosymbionts that protect aphids from parasitoids - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Asplen, M.K., Bano, N., Brady, C.M., Desneux, N., Hopper, K.R., Malouines, C., Oliver, K.M., White, J.A., Heimpel, G.E. 2014. Specialization of bacterial endosymbionts that protect aphids from parasitoids. Ecological Entomology. 39: 736-739.
Factors limiting the spread of the protective symbiont HAMILTONELLA DEFENSA in the aphid APHIS CRACCIVORA - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Dykstra, H.R., Weldon, S.R., White, J.A., Hopper, K.R., Heimpel, G.E., Asplen, M.K., Oliver, K.M. 2014. Factors limiting the spread of the protective symbiont HAMILTONELLA DEFENSA in the aphid APHIS CRACCIVORA. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 80: 5818-5827.
Parasitism of soybean aphid by APHELINUS species on soybean susceptible versus resistant to the aphid - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Hopper, K.R., Diers, B.W. 2014. Parasitism of soybean aphid by APHELINUS species on soybean susceptible versus resistant to the aphid. Biological Control. 76:101-106.
Worldwide populations of APHIS CRACCIVORA have diverse facultative bacterial symbionts - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Brady, C.M., Asplen, M.K., Heimpel, G.E., Hopper, K.R., Linnen, C.R., Oliver, K.M., Wulff, J.A., White, J.A., Desneux, N. 2013. Worldwide populations of APHIS CRACCIVORA have diverse facultative bacterial symbionts. Microbial Ecology. 67:195-204.
Next-generation genome sequencing and assembly provides tools for phylogenetics and identification of closely related species of Spathius, parasitoids of Agrilus planipennis (emerald ash borer) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Kuhn, K.L., Duan, J.J., Hopper, K.R. 2013. Next-generation genome sequencing and assembly provides tools for phylogenetics and identification of closely related species of Spathius, parasitoids of Agrilus planipennis (emerald ash borer). Biological Control. 66:77-82.
Is parasitoid acceptance of different host species dynamic? - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Hopper, K.R., Prager, S., Heimpel, G.E. 2013. Is parasitoid acceptance of different host species dynamic?. Functional Ecology. 10.1111/1365-2435.12107.
The genetic architecture of a complex ecological trait: host plant use in the specialist moth, HELIOTHIS SUBFLEXA - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Oppenheim, S.J., Gould, F.L., Hopper, K.R. 2012. The genetic architecture of a complex ecological trait: host plant use in the specialist moth, HELIOTHIS SUBFLEXA. Evolution. DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01712.x.
An identification key to species in the mali complex of Aphelinus (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) with descriptions of three new species - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Hopper, K.R., Woolley, J.B., Hoelmer, K.A., Wu, K., Lee, S. 2012. An identification key to species in the mali complex of Aphelinus (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) with descriptions of three new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 26:73-96.
Outcrossing and crossbreeding recovers deteriorated traits in laboratory cultured Steinernema carpocapsae nematodes - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Chaston, J.M., Dillman, A.R., Shapiro Ilan, D.I., Bilgrami, A., Gaugler, R., Hopper, K.R., Adams, B.J. 2011. Outcrossing and crossbreeding recovers deteriorated traits in laboratory cultured Steinernema carpocapsae nematodes. International Journal for Parasitology. 41:801-809.
European buckthorn and Asian soybean aphid as components of an extensive invasional meltdown in North America - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Heimpel, G.E., Frelich, L.E., Landis, D.A., Hopper, K.R., Hoelmer, K.A., Sezen, Z., Asplen, M.K., Wu, K. 2010. European buckthorn and Asian soybean aphid as components of an extensive invasional meltdown in North America. Biological Invasions. DOI: 10.1007/s10530-010-9736-5.
French wasps in the New World: experimental biological control introductions reveal a demographic Allee effect - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Fauvergue, X., Hopper, K.R. 2009. French wasps in the New World: experimental biological control introductions reveal a demographic Allee effect. Population Ecology. 51(3):385–397
Multifaceted determinants of host specificity in an aphid parasitoid - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Desneux, N., Barta, R.J., Hoelmer, K.A., Hopper, K.R., Heimpel, G.E. 2009. Multifaceted determinants of host specificity in an aphid parasitoid. Oecologia. 160:387-398.
GENETICS OF HOST RANGE IN LEPIDOPTERA - (Book / Chapter)
Hopper, K.R., Oppenheim, S.J. 2009. GENETICS OF HOST RANGE IN LEPIDOPTERA. In: Goldsmith, M., Marec, F., Editors. Molecular Biology and Genetics of Lepidoptera. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. 195-217.
PREDICTING INSECT DISTRIBUTIONS FROM CLIMATE AND HABITAT DATA - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Ulrichs, C., Hopper, K.R. 2008. Predicting insect distributions from climate and habitat data. BioControl. 10.1007/s10526-007-9143-8, 1-14.
Introduction of Exotic Natural Enemies of Invasive Insect Pests in the USA: Soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) as a current example - (Proceedings)
Hoelmer, K.A., Hopper, K.R. 2007. Introduction of Exotic Natural Enemies of Invasive Insect Pests in the USA: Soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) as a current example. Proceedings, International Symposium on Plant Quarantine & Exotic Insect Pest Management. Korean Society of of Applied Entomology & National Plant Quarantine Services of Korea, 18-19 October, 2007, YangPyeong, Korea. Pp 93-105.
Parasitism of the soybean aphid Aphis glycines by Binodoxys communis: the role of aphid defensive behavior and parasitoid reproductive performance - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Wyckhuys, K.A.G., Stone, L., Desneux, N., Hoelmer, K., Hopper, K.R., and Heimpel, G.E. 2008. Parasitism of the soybean aphid Aphis glycines by Binodoxys communis: the role of aphid defensive behavior and parasitoid reproductive performance. Bulletin of Entomological Research. 98:361-370.
Molecular phylogenetics and reproductive incompatibility in a complex of cryptic species of aphid parasitoids - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Heraty, J.M., Woolley, J.B., Hopper, K.R., Hawks, D.L., Kim, J., Buffington, M. 2007. Molecular phylogenetics and reproductive incompatibility in a complex of cryptic species of aphid parasitoids. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.06.021.
Predicting potential ecological impact of soybean aphid biological control introductions - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Wyckhuys, K.A., Hopper, K.R., Wu, K., Straub, C., Gratton, C., Heimpel, G.E. 2007. Predicting potential ecological impact of soybean aphid biological control introductions. Biocontrol News and Information. 28(2):30-34
Population dynamics of APHIS GLYCINES and impact of natural enemies in northern China - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Miao, J., Wu, K., Hopper, K.R., Li, G. 2007. Population dynamics of APHIS GLYCINES (Hompotera: Aphididae) and impact of natural enemies in northern China. Environmental Entomology. 36:840-848.
Trait Modification in Entomopathogenic Nematodes - (Abstract Only)
Shapiro Ilan, D.I., Gaugler, R., Adams, B., Hopper, K.R. 2007. Trait Modification in Entomopathogenic Nematodes. Society of Invertebrate Pathology Annual Meeting, August 12-16, 2007, Quebec City, Canada. p. 71-72. Available: http://www.sipweb.org/Meeting_Abstracts/2007abstracts.pdf.
HOST CHOICE BY APHIDIUS COLEMANI: EFFECTS OF PLANTS, PLANT-APHID COMBINATIONS AND THE PRESENCE OF INTRAGUILD PREDATORS - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Bilu, E., Hopper, K.R., Coll, M. 2006. Host choice by aphidius colemani: effects of plants, plant-aphid combinations and the presence of intraguild predators. Ecological Entomology. 31:331-336.
SINGLE-LOCUS COMPLEMENTARY SEX DETERMINATION ABSENT IN HETEROSPILUS PROSOPIDIS (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Wu, Z., Hopper, K.R., Ode, P.J., Fuester, R.W., Tuda, M., Heimpel, G.E. 2005. Single-locus complementary sex determination absent in heterospilus prosopidis (hymenoptera: braconidae). Heredity. 95: 228-234.
GENETICS: RELATION OF LOCAL POPULATIONS TO THE WHOLE "SPECIES" - IMPLICATIONS FOR HOST RANGE TESTS - (Proceedings)
Hopper, K.R., Farias, A.M., Woolley, J.B., Heraty, J.M., Britch, S.C. 2005. Genetics: relation of local populations to the whole "species" - implications for host range tests. Second International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods. p 665-671.
RISKS OF INTERBREEDING BETWEEN SPECIES USED IN BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AND NATIVE SPECIES AND METHODS FOR EVALUATING ITS OCCURRENCE AND IMPACT - (Book / Chapter)
Hopper, K.R., Britch, S.C., Wajnberg, E. 2006. Risks of interbreeding between species used in biological control and native species and methods for evaluating its occurrence and impact. Pp. 78-97 D. Babendreier, F. Bigler and U. Kuhlmann, eds. Environmental Impact of Invertebrates for Biological Control of Arthropods: Methods and Risk Assessment. CABI Biosciences, London.
STABILIZATION OF BENEFICIAL TRAITS IN HETERORHABDITIS BACTERIOPHORA THROUGH CREATION OF INBRED LINES - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Bai, C., Shapiro Ilan, D.I., Gaugler, R., Hopper, K.R. Stabilization of beneficial traits in heterorhabditis bacteriophora through creation of inbred lines. Biological Control. 2005. 32:220-227.
GENETIC IMPROVEMENT FOR PREVENTION OF BENEFICIAL TRAIT DETERIORATION IN HETERORHABDITIS BACTERIOPHORA THROUGH CREATION OF INBRED LINES - (Abstract Only)
Bai, C., Shapiro Ilan, D.I., Gaugler, R., Hopper, K.R. 2004. Genetic improvement for prevention of beneficial trait deterioration in heterorhabditis bacteriophora through creation of inbred lines. Society for Invertebrate Pathology Annual Meeting Proceedings. p.104.
REPRODUCTIVE COMPATIBILITY AND GENETIC VARIATION BETWEEN TWO STRAINS OF APHELINUS ALBIPODUS (HYMENOPTERA: APHELINIDAE), A PARASITOID OF THE SOYBEAN APHID, APHIS GLYCINES (HOMOPTERA : APHIDIDAE) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Wu, Z., Hopper, K.R., O'Neil, R., Voegtlin, D., Prokrym, D., Heimpel, G.E. 2004. Reproductive compatibility and genetic variation between two strains of Aphelinus albipodus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), a parasitoid of the soybean aphid, Aphis Glycines (Homoptera: Aphididae). Biological Control. 31(3): 311-319.
OVIPOSITION VS. OFFSPRING FITNESS IN APHIDIUS COLEMANI PARASITIZING DIFFERENT APHID SPECIES. ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Ode, P.J., Hopper, K.R., Coll, M. 2004. Oviposition vs. offspring fitness in Aphidius colemani parasitizing different aphid species. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 115(2): 303-310.
USING THE LITERATURE TO EVALUATE PARASITOID HOST RANGES: A CASE STUDY OF MACROCENTRUS GRANDII (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) INTRODUCED INTO NORTH AMERICA TO CONTROL OSTRINIA NUBILALIS (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
De Nardo, E., Hopper, K.R. 2004. Using the literature to evaluate parasitoid host ranges: a case study of macrocentrus grandii (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) introduced into North America to control Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Biocontrol. 31(3) 280-295.
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF APHIS GLYCINES AND ITS NATURAL ENEMIES IN SOYBEAN IN NORTHERN CHINA - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Liu, J., Wu, K., Hopper, K.R., Zhao, K. 2004. Population dynamics of aphis glycines and its natural enemies in soybean in northern china. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 97(2):235-9
PROSPECTS FOR IMPORTATION BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF THE SOYBEAN APHID: ANTICIPATING POTENTIAL COSTS AND BENEFITS - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Heimpel, G.E., Ragsdale, D.W., Venette, R., Hopper, K.R., O'Neil, R.J., Rutledge, C.E., Wu, Z. 2004. Prospects for importation biological control of the soybean aphid: anticipating potential costs and benefits. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 97(2):249-258 (2004)
COMPLEMENTARY SEX DETERMINATION IN HYMENOPTERAN PARASITOIDS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR BIOLOGICAL CONTROL - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Wu, Z., Hopper, K.R., Ode, P.J., Fuester, R.W., Chen, J., Heimpel, G.E. 2003. Complementary Sex Determination in Hymenopteran Parasitoids and its implications for Biological Control. Entomologia Sinicae. 10(2):81-93.
USDA-ARS RESEARCH ON BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF ARTHROPODS - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Hopper, K.R. USDA-ARS research on biological control of arthropods. Pest Management Science 59:643-653
MALE-BIASED SEX RATIOS IN LABORATORY REARINGS OF GYPSY MOTH PARASITOIDS - (Proceedings)
Fuester, R.W., Swan, K.S., Taylor, P.B., Hopper, K.R., Ode, P.J. 2004. Male-biased sex ratios in laboratory rearings of gypsy moth parasitoids. pp. 24-27. In S. Fosbroke and K. Gottshalk (eds.), Proceedings, United States Department of Agricultural Interagency Research Forum on gypsy moths and other invasive species 2002: 2002 January 15-18; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-300 Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. 116p.
INRODUCTION AND ESTABLISHMENT OF PARASITOIDS FOR THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF THE APPLE ERMINE MOTH, YPONOMEUTA MALINELLUS (LEPIDOPTERA: YPONOMEUTIDAE), IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Unruh, T.R., Short, R.E., Herard, F., Chen, K., Hopper, K.R., Pemberton, R.W., Lee, J.H., Ertle, L.R., Swan, K.S., Fuester, R.W. 2003. Inroduction and establishment of parasitoids for the biological control of the apple ermine moth, Yponomeuta malinellus (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), in the Pacific Northwest. Biological Control. 28:332-345.
INTRODUCTIONS OF NON-INDIGENOUS ORGANISMS: RESEARCH NEEDS TO EVALUATE COSTSAND BENEFITS - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Ewel, J.J., O'Dowd, D.J., Bergelson, J., Daehler, C.C., D'Antonio, C.M., Gómez, L., Gordon, D.R., Hobbs, R.J., Holt, A., Hopper, K.R., Hughes, C.E., Lahart, M., Leakey, R.B., Lee, W.G., Loope, L.L., Lorence, D.H., Louda, S.M., Lugo, A.E., Mcevoy, P.B., Richardson, D.M., Vitousek, P.M. 1999. Introductions of non-indigenous organisms: research needs to evaluate costsand benefits. Bioscience. 49:619-630.
RISK-SPREADING AND BET-HEDGING IN INSECT POPULATION BIOLOGY - (Abstract Only)