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ARS Home » Northeast Area » Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania » Eastern Regional Research Center » Molecular Characterization of Foodborne Pathogens Research » People & Locations » Pina Fratamico
Pina M Fratamico
Molecular Characterization of Foodborne Pathogens Research
Research Leader

Phone: (215) 233-6525
Fax: (215) 233-6581
Room 1004

600 E MERMAID LN
ERRC
WYNDMOOR , PA 190388598
Projects
Molecular Characterization of Foodborne Pathogen Responses to Stress
In-House Appropriated (D)
  Accession Number: 430258
Production, Utilization, and Importance of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Sustainable Vegetable Production
In-House Appropriated (D)
  Accession Number: 431945

Publications (Clicking on the reprint icon Reprint Icon will take you to the publication reprint.)
Draft whole genome sequence of seven L. monocytogenes strains with variation in virulence and stress responses -
Draft genome sequences of seven strains of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O111 with variation in their sensitivity to novobiocin -
Comparison of the Diatheva STEC FLUO with BAX system kits for detection of O157:H7 and Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in ground beef and bean sprout samples using different enrichment protocols -
Rotundo, L., Fratamico, P.M., Amagliani, G., Carloni, E., Omiccioli, E., Magnani, M. 2018. Comparison of the Diatheva STEC FLUO with BAX system kits for detection of O157:H7 and Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in ground beef and bean sprout samples using different enrichment protocols. Journal of Food Analytical Methods. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-018-1269-z.
Interlaboratory evaluation of the FDA-ECID microarray for profiling Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli -
Patel, I.R., Gangiredla, J., Lacher, D.W., Mammel, M.K., Bagi, L.K., Baranzoni, G., Fratamico, P.M., Roberts, E.L., Debroy, C., Lindsey, R.L., Stripling, D., Martin, H., Smith, P., Strockbine, N.A., Elkins, C.A., Scheutz, F., Feng, P.C. 2018. Interlaboratory evaluation of the FDA-ECID microarray for profiling Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. Journal of Food Protection. 81:1275-1282.
Detection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in food: evaluation of culture enrichment conditions -
Amagliani, G., Rotundo, L., Carloni, E., Omiccioli, E., Magnani, M., Brandi, G., Fratamico, P.M. 2018. Detection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in food: evaluation of culture enrichment conditions. Food Research International. 103:398-405.
Genome sequences of 34 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli isolated from swine and other sources -
Baranzoni, G., Fratamico, P.M., Kim, G., Reichenberger, E.R., Funk, J., Manning, S. 2017. Genome sequences of 34 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli isolated from swine and other sources. Genome Announcements. https://doi.org/10.1128/genomeA.01214-17.
Whole-genome sequence of Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 strain B6914-ARS -
Uhlich, G.A., Reichenberger, E.R., Cottrell, B.J., Fratamico, P.M., Andreozzi, E. 2017. Whole-genome sequence of Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 strain B6914-ARS. Genome Announcements. https://doi.org/10.1128/genomeA.01191-17.
Molecular genotyping of Escherichia coli O-serogroups -
Debroy, C., Fratamico, P.M., Roberts, E. 2018. Molecular genotyping of Escherichia coli O-serogroups. Animal Health Research Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1466252317000093.
Escherichia coli pathotypes -
Smith, J., Fratamico, P.M. 2018. Escherichia coli pathotypes. Pathogenic E. coli: Evolution, Omics, Detection, and Control – Caister Academic Press, United KingdomBook Chapter. https://doi.org/10.21775/9781910190777.
Sequence-based and other methods for molecular serotyping of E. coli -
Fratamico, P.M. 2017. Sequence-based and other methods for molecular serotyping of E. coli. In: Proceedings of the United States-Japan Cooperative Program in Natural Resources (UJNR), November 12-18, 2017, Japan. p.1.
Rapid and potentially portable detection and quantification technologies for foodborne pathogens -
Gehring, A.G., Armstrong, C.M., Capobianco Jr, J.A., He, Y., Paoli, G., Fratamico, P.M. 2017. Rapid and potentially portable detection and quantification technologies for foodborne pathogens . United States-Japan Cooperative Program in Natural Resources (UJNR). p.12.
Escherichia coli O157:H7 acid sensitivity correlates with flocculation phenotype during nutrient limitation Reprint Icon -
Kay, K., Breidt, F., Fratamico, P.M., Baranzoni, G., Kim, G., Grunden, A., Oh, D. 2017. Escherichia coli O157:H7 acid sensitivity correlates with flocculation phenotype during nutrient limitation. Frontiers in Microbiology. 8:1404. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01404.
Prevalence and characteristics of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in finishing pigs: implications on public health -
Cha, W., Fratamico, P.M., Ruth, L., Bowman, A., Nolting, J., Manning, S., Funk, J. 2018. Prevalence and characteristics of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in finishing pigs: implications on public health. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 264:8-15.
Advantages of virulotyping foodborne pathogens over traditional identification and characterization methods -
Gurtler, J., Doyle, M.P., Kornacki, J.L., Fratamico, P.M., Gehring, A.G., Paoli, G. 2017. Advantages of virulotyping foodborne pathogens over traditional identification and characterization methods. Foodborne Pathogens Virulence Factors and Host Susceptability. New York, NY: Springer Publishing. p. 3-40.
Evaluation of ELISA tests specific for Shiga toxin 1 and 2 in food and water samples Reprint Icon -
Gehring, A.G., Fratamico, P.M., Lee, J., Ruth, L., He, X., He, Y., Paoli, G., Stanker, L.H., Rubio, F.M. 2017. Evaluation of ELISA tests specific for Shiga toxin 1 and 2 in food and water samples. Food Control. 77:145-149.
Detection and isolation of the "Top 7" Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in ground beef: comparison of the Rapidfinder kits to the USDA microbiology laboratory guidebook method Reprint Icon -
Fratamico, P.M., Bagi, L.K., Abdul Wakeel, A.Y. 2017. Detection and isolation of the "Top 7" Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in ground beef: comparison of the Rapidfinder kits to the USDA microbiology laboratory guidebook method. Journal of Food Protection. 80:829-836.
Evaluation of the performance of the IQ-check kits and the USDA microbiology laboratory guidebook methods for detection of Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli (STEC) and STEC and Salmonella simultaneously in ground beef Reprint Icon -
Baranzoni, G., Fratamico, P.M., Boccia, F., Bagi, L.K., Kim, G., Anastasio, A., Pepe, T. 2017. Evaluation of the performance of the IQ-check kits and the USDA microbiology laboratory guidebook methods for detection of Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli (STEC) and STEC and Salmonella simultaneously in ground beef. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 122:809-816.
Methods for detecting pathogens in the beef food chain: detecting particular pathogens -
Fratamico, P.M., Bosilevac, J.M., Schmidt, J.W. 2017. Methods for detecting pathogens in the beef food chain: detecting particular pathogens. In: Acuff, G., Dickson, J. Ensuring safety and quality in the production of beef. Volume 1: Safety. Cambridge, UK: Burleigh Dobbs Science. p.59-72.
Food safety trends in the U.S. and update on pathogenic E. coli -
Fratamico, P.M., Baranzoni, G. 2016. Food safety trends in the U.S. and update on pathogenic E. coli. In: Proceedings of the United States-Japan Cooperative Program in Natural Resources (UJNR), November 7-10, 2016, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 27-28.
Editorial: Emerging approaches for typing, detection, characterization, and traceback of Escherichia coli -
Fratamico, P.M., Debroy, C., Needleman, D.S. 2016. Editorial: Emerging approaches for typing, detection, characterization, and traceback of Escherichia coli. Frontiers in Microbiology. DOI.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.02089.
Validation of two new immunoassays for sensative detection of a broad range of shiga toxins Reprint Icon -
Kong, Q., Patfield, S.A., Skinner, C.B., Stanker, L.H., Gehring, A.G., Fratamico, P.M., Rubio, F., Qi, W., He, X. 2016. Validation of two new immunoassays for sensative detection of a broad range of shiga toxins. Austin Immunology. 1(2):1007.
Methods for detecting pathogens in the beef food chain: an overview -
Fratamico, P.M., Bosilevac, J.M., Schmidt, J.W. 2017. Methods for detecting pathogens in the beef food chain: an overview. In: Acuff, G., Dickson, J. Ensuring safety and quality in the production of beef. Volume 1: Safety. Cambridge, UK: Burleigh Dobbs Science. p.35-51.
Survival and expression of acid resistance genes in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli acid adapted in pineapple juice and exposed to synthetic gastric fluid -
Kim, G., Fratamico, P.M., Breidt, F., Oh, D. 2016. Survival and expression of acid resistance genes in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli acid adapted in pineapple juice and exposed to synthetic gastric fluid. Journal of Applied Microbiology. doi: 10.1111/jam.13223.
Complete genome sequences of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains SRCC 1675 and 28RC that vary in acid resistance -
Baranzoni, G., Fratamico, P.M., Reichenberger, E.R., Kim, G., Breidt, F., Kay, K., Oh, D. 2016. Complete genome sequences of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains SRCC 1675 and 28RC that vary in acid resistance. Genome Announcements. 4:4. doi: 10.1128/genomeA.00743-16.
Disinfectant and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the big six non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains from food animals and humans Reprint Icon -
Beier, R.C., Franz, E., Bono, J.L., Mandrell, R.E., Fratamico, P.M., Callaway, T.R., Andrews, K., Poole, T.L., Crippen, T.L., Sheffield, C.L., Anderson, R.C., Nisbet, D.J. 2016. Disinfectant and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the big six non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains from food animals and humans. Journal of Food Protection. 79(8):1355-1370.
Advances in genoserotyping and subtyping of Escherichia coli -
Fratamico, P.M., Debroy, C., Liu, Y., Needleman, D.S., Baranzoni, G., Feng, P. 2016. Advances in genoserotyping and subtyping of Escherichia coli. Frontiers in Microbiology. 7:644.
Characterization of shiga toxin subtypes and virulence genes in Porcine shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli Reprint Icon -
Baranzoni, G., Fratamico, P.M., Gangiredla, J., Patel, I., Bagi, L.K., Delannoy, S., Fach, P., Boccia, F., Anastasio, A., Pepe, T. 2016. Characterization of shiga toxin subtypes and virulence genes in Porcine shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. Frontiers in Microbiology. 7:574.
Comparison of O-antigen gene clusters of all O-serogroups of Escherichia coli and proposal for adopting a new nomenclature for O-typing -
Needleman, D.S., Debroy, C., Fratamico, P.M., Yan, X., Baranzoni, G., Liu, Y., Tebbs, R., O'Connell, C.D., Allred, A., Swimley, M., Mwangi, M., Kapur, V., Garay, J., Roberts, E.L., Katani, R. 2016. Comparison of O-antigen gene clusters of all O-serogroups of Escherichia coli and proposal for adopting a new nomenclature for O-typing. Meeting Abstract. [abstract] Association of Biomolecular Resources Facilities Meeting.
Comparison of O-Antigen gene clusters of all O-Serogroups of Escherichia coli and proposal for adopting a new nomenclature for O-Typing -
Debroy, C., Fratamico, P.M., Yan, X., Baranzoni, G., Liu, Y., Needleman, D.S., Tebbs, R., O'Connell, C.D., Allred, A., Swimley, M., Mwangi, M., Kapur, V., Raygoza Garay, J., Katani, R., Roberts, E.L. 2016. Comparison of O-Antigen gene clusters of all O-Serogroups of Escherichia coli and proposal for adopting a new nomenclature for O-Typing. PLoS One. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0147434.
Whole genome sequencing of diverse Shiga toxin-producing and non-producing Escherichia coli strains reveals a variety of virulence and novel antibiotic resistance plasmids Reprint Icon -
Losada, L., Debroy, C., Radune, D., Sanka, R., Kim, M., Brinkac, L., Kariyawasam, S., Shelton, D.R., Fratamico, P.M., Kapur, V., Feng, P. 2015. Whole genome sequencing of diverse Shiga toxin-producing and non-producing Escherichia coli strains reveals a variety of virulence and novel antibiotic resistance plasmids. Plasmid Journal. 83:8-11.
Genome-scale screening and validation of targets for identification of Salmonella enterica and serovar prediction -
Zhou, X., Zhang, L., Shi, C., Fratamico, P.M., Liu, B., Paoli, G., Dan, X., Zhuang, X., Cui, Y., Wang, D., Shi, X. 2016. Genome-scale screening and validation of targets for identification of Salmonella enterica and serovar prediction. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 79:376-383.
Escherichia coli as other Enterobacteriaceae: food poisoning and health effects -
Smith, J.L., Fratamico, P.M. 2016. Escherichia coli as other Enterobacteriaceae: food poisoning and health effects. In: Caballero, B., Finglas, P., and Toldra, F. (eds.) Encyclopedia of Food and Health. Oxford: Acad. p. 539-544.
Acid Resistance and molecular characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and different non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli serogroups -
Kim, G., Breidt, F., Fratamico, P.M., Oh, D. 2015. Acid Resistance and molecular characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and different non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli serogroups. Journal of Food Science. doi: 10.1111/1750.3841.12996.
Acid resistance and molecular characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and different Non-O157 shiga toxin-producing E. coli serogroups Reprint Icon -
Kim, G., Breidt, F., Fratamico, P.M., Oh, D. 2015. Acid resistance and molecular characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and different Non-O157 shiga toxin-producing E. coli serogroups. Journal of Food Science. 80(10):M2257-M2264. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.12996.
Overview of the international workshop on emerging approaches for typing, detection, and characterization of Escherichia coli -
Genome sequencing and comparative genomics provides insights on the evolutionary dynamics and pathogenic potential of different H-Types of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O104 -
Yan, X., Fratamico, P.M., Bono, J.L., Baranzoni, G., Chen, C. 2015. Genome sequencing and comparative genomics provides insights on the evolutionary dynamics and pathogenic potential of different H-Types of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O104. BMC Microbiology. DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0413-9.
Application of genomic technologies for characterization, typing, and detection of E. coli -
Fratamico, P.M. 2015. Application of genomic technologies for characterization, typing, and detection of E. coli. Meeting Abstract. meeting abstract.
Investigation of carbon storage regulation network (csr genes) and phenotypic differences between acid sensitive and resistant Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains -
Kay, K., Fratamico, P.M., Grunden, A., Oh, D., Breidt, F. 2015. Investigation of carbon storage regulation network (csr genes) and phenotypic differences between acid sensitive and resistant Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains. Meeting Abstract. meeting abstract.
Virulence gene profiles of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from fecal samples of finishing swine -
Baranzoni, G., Fratamico, P.M., Bagi, L.K., Delannoy, S., Fach, P., Tseng, M., Funk, J. 2015. Virulence gene profiles of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from fecal samples of finishing swine. Meeting Abstract. meeting abstract.
Inactivation of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in lean ground beef by gamma irradiation -
Sommers, C.H., Rajkowski, K.T., Scullen, O.J., Cassidy, J.M., Fratamico, P.M., Sheen, S. 2015. Inactivation of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in lean ground beef by gamma irradiation. Food Microbiology. DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2015.02/013.
Comparison of whole genome sequences from human and non-human Escherichia coli O26 strains Reprint Icon -
Norman, K.N., Clawson, M.L., Strockbine, N.N., Mandrell, R.E., Johnson, R., Ziebell, K., Zhao, S., Fratamico, P.M., Stones, R., Allard, M., Bono, J.L. 2015. Comparison of whole genome sequences from human and non-human Escherichia coli O26 strains. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. 5(21). DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2015.00021.
Shiga toxin-producing E. coli: update on methods and tools for rapid detection, identification, and isolation -
Fratamico, P.M. 2015. Shiga toxin-producing E. coli: update on methods and tools for rapid detection, identification, and isolation. Meeting Abstract. meeting abstract.
Escherichia coli O-antigen gene clusters of serogroups O62, O68, O131, O140, O142, and O163: DNA sequences and similarity between O62 and O68, and PCR-based serogrouping -
Liu, Y., Fratamico, P.M., Debroy, C., Yan, X., Needleman, D.S., Li, R.W., Wang, W., Losada, L., Brinkac, L., Radune, D., Toro, M., Meng, J. 2015. Escherichia coli O-antigen gene clusters of serogroups O62, O68, O131, O140, O142, and O163: DNA sequences and similarity between O62 and O68, and PCR-based serogrouping. Biosensors. 5:51-68.
Design and evaluation of two-stage multiplex real-time PCR method for detecting O157:H7 and non-O157 STEC strains from beef samples -
Methods for detection and identification of non-O157 STEC -
Fratamico, P.M. 2015. Methods for detection and identification of non-O157 STEC. Meeting Abstract. Meeting Abstract.
Molecular characterization of shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) from finishing swine in a longitudinal study Reprint Icon -
Tseng, M., Fratamico, P.M., Bagi, L.K., Delannoy, S., Fach, P., Manning, S., Funk, J. 2014. Molecular characterization of shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) from finishing swine in a longitudinal study. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01761-14.
Light scattering sensor for direct identification of colonies of Escherichia coli serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145 and O157 -
Tang, Y., Kim, H., Singh, A., Aroonnal, A., Rajwa, B., Bae, E., Fratamico, P.M., Bhunia, A. 2014. Light scattering sensor for direct identification of colonies of Escherichia coli serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145 and O157. PLoS One. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0105272.
Genetic diversity demonstrated by pulsed field gel electrophoresis of Salmonella enterica isolates obtained from diverse sources in Mexico -
Gallegos-Robles, M.A., Morales-Loredo, A., Alvarez-Ojeda, G., Vazquez-Navarrete, J., Velarde-Felix, S., Fratamico, P.M., Garcia-Hernandez, J.L. 2014. Genetic diversity demonstrated by pulsed field gel electrophoresis of Salmonella enterica isolates obtained from diverse sources in Mexico. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology. 8(5):3589-3597.
A high-throughput, precipitating colorimetric sandwich ELISA microarray for shiga toxins Reprint Icon -
Gehring, A.G., He, X., Fratamico, P.M., Lee, J., Bagi, L.K., Brewster, J.D., Paoli, G., He, Y., Xie, Y., Skinner, C.B., Barnett, C., Harris, D. 2014. A high-throughput, precipitating colorimetric sandwich ELISA microarray for shiga toxins. Toxins. 6:1855-1872.
Detection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7, O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145, and Salmonella in retail raw ground beef using the DuPont BAX system -
Wasilenko, J.L., Fratamico, P.M., Sommers, C.H., Demarco, D., Varkey, S., Rhoden, K., Tice, G. 2014. Detection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7, STEC Serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145, and Salmonella in Naturally-Contaminated Ground Beef Using the BAX System-Based PCR kits. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00081.
New high-affinity monoclonal antibodies against Shiga toxin 1 facilitate the detection of hybrid Stx1/Stx2 in vivo -
Skinner, C.B., Patfield, S.A., Stanker, L.H., Fratamico, P.M., He, X. 2014. New high-affinity monoclonal antibodies against Shiga toxin 1 facilitate the detection of hybrid Stx1/Stx2 in vivo. PLoS One. 9(6):e99854. DOI:10.1371journal.pone0099854.
Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) in swine: prevalence over the finishing period and characterization of the STEC isolates -
Tseng, M., Fratamico, P.M., Bagi, L.K., Manzinger, D., Funk, J. 2014. Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) in swine: prevalence over the finishing period and characterization of the STEC isolates. Epidemiology and Infection. DOI:10.1017/S0950268814001095.
Detection and isolation of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O104 and other STEC serogroups of public health concern -
Molecular serotyping of Escherichia coli: A verification and reclassification -
Yan, X., Fratamico, P.M., Tebbs, R., O'Connell, C., Baranzoni, G., Allred, A., Swimley, M., Debroy, C. 2014. Molecular serotyping of Escherichia coli: A verification and reclassification. Meeting Abstract. MA.
Non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli -
Complete genome sequence and comparison of two Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O104 isolates -
Yan, X., Fratamico, P.M., Bono, J.L., Baranzoni, G., Tebbs, R., O'Connell, C. 2014. Complete genome sequence and comparison of two Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O104 isolates. Meeting Abstract. MA.
DNA sequence and analysis of the O-antigen gene clusters of Escherichia coli serogroups O62, O68, O131, O140, O142, and O163 and serogroup-specific PCR assays -
Liu, Y., Fratamico, P.M., Debroy, C., Yan, X., Needleman, D.S., Li, R.W., Wang, W., Losada, L., Brinkac, L., Rodune, D., Toro, M., Meng, J. 2014. DNA sequence and analysis of the O-antigen gene clusters of Escherichia coli serogroups O62, O68, O131, O140, O142, and O163 and serogroup-specific PCR assays. Meeting Abstract. March 22-25, 2014.
Detection and isolation of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O104 from sprouts Reprint Icon -
Baranzoni, G., Fratamico, P.M., Rubio, F., Glaze, G., Bagi, L.K., Albonetti, S. 2013. Detection and isolation of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O104 from sprouts. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 173:99-104.
Food safety concerns in the U.S. and research on Shiga Toxin-producing E. coli -
Fratamico, P.M., Baranzoni, G. 2013. Food safety concerns in the U.S. and research on Shiga Toxin-producing E. coli. UJNR Food & Agricultural Panel Proceedings. P.
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in swine: the public health perspective -
Tseng, M., Fratamico, P.M., Manning, S., Funk, J.A. 2014. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in swine: the public health perspective. Animal Health Research Reviews. Cambridge University Press 2014. DOI:10.1017/S14662523130000170.
Evaluation of a multiplex real-time PCR method for detecting Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in beef and comparison to the FSIS microbiology laboratory guidebook method Reprint Icon -
Fratamico, P.M., Wasilenko, J.L., Garman, B., Demarco, D., Varkey, S., Jensen, M., Rhoden, K., Tice, G. 2013. Evaluation of a multiplex real-time PCR method for detecting Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in beef and comparison to the FSIS microbiology laboratory guidebook method. Journal of Food Protection. 77:180-188.
VTEC in the USA -
Fratamico, P.M. 2013. VTEC in the USA. Meeting Abstract. MA.
Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae: Food poisoning and health effects -
Fratamico, P.M., Smith, J.L. 2016. Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae: Food poisoning and health effects. Book Chapter. 2:539-544.
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli -
Smith, J.L., Fratamico, P.M., Gunther, N.W. 2014. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. Advances in Applied Microbiology. 86:145-197.
Construction of Listeria monocytogenes mutants with in-frame deletions in the Phosphotransferase Transport System (PTS) and analysis of their growth under stress conditions Reprint Icon -
Liu, Y., Ceruso, M., Jiang, Y., Datta, A.R., Carter, L., Strain, E., Pepe, T., Anastasi, A., Fratamico, P.M. 2013. Construction of Listeria monocytogenes mutants with in-frame deletions in the Phosphotransferase Transport System (PTS) and analysis of their growth under stress conditions. Journal of Food Science. 78:1392-1398.
A simulated metagenomic approach for bacterial serotyping using shotgun genome sequences coupled with O-Antigen gene cluster analysis -
Yan, X., Chen, C., Hu, J., Fratamico, P.M. 2013. A simulated metagenomic approach for bacterial serotyping using shotgun genome sequences coupled with O-Antigen gene cluster analysis. Meeting Abstract. MA.
Assessment of enhanced surveillance for non-O157 STEC in beef in the USA -
Fratamico, P.M. 2013. Assessment of enhanced surveillance for non-O157 STEC in beef in the USA. Safefood VTEC Knowledge Network E-Newsletter. safefood nig.com.
A high-throughput antibody-based microarray typing platform -
Gehring, A.G., Barnett, C., Chu, T., Debroy, C., D'Souza, D., Eaker, S., Fratamico, P.M., Gillespie, B., Hedge, N., Jones, K., Lin, J., Oliver, S., Paoli, G., Perera, A., Uknalis, J. 2013. A high-throughput antibody-based microarray typing platform. Sensors. DOI: 10.3390/s130505737.
Rapid O serogroup identification of the six clinically relevant Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli by antibody microarray Reprint Icon -
Hegde, N.V., Praul, C., Gehring, A.G., Fratamico, P.M., Debroy, C. 2013. Rapid O serogroup identification of the six clinically relevant Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli by antibody microarray. Journal of Microbiological Methods. 93(3):273-276.
Detection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7, STEC serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145, and Salmonella in naturally-contaminated ground beef using the BAX system-based PCR kits -
Wasilenko, J.L., Fratamico, P.M., Sommers, C.H., Demarco, D.R., Varkey, S., Rhoden, K., Tice, G. 2013. Detection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7, STEC serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145, and Salmonella in naturally-contaminated ground beef using the BAX system-based PCR kits. Meeting Abstract. MA.
Phylogenetic classification of Escherichia coli O26 strains from human, animals, and environmental origins using nucleotide polymorphisms -
Norman, K.N., Clawson, M.L., Strockbine, N.A., Mandrell, R.E., Johnson, R., Ziebell, K., Zhao, S., Fratamico, P.M., Stones, R., Allard, M., Bono, J.L. 2013. Phylogenetic classification of Escherichia coli O26 strains from human, animals, and environmental origins using nucleotide polymorphisms. American Society for Microbiology General Meeting. Poster No. 484 p. 40.
Construction of Listeria monocytogenes mutants with in-frame deletions in putative ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and analysis of their growth under stress conditions Reprint Icon -
Liu, Y., Ceruso, M., Pepe, T., Cortesi, M., Gunther, N.W., Fratamico, P.M. 2012. Construction of Listeria monocytogenes mutants with in-frame deletions in putative ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and analysis of their growth under stress conditions. Journal of Microbial and Biochemical Technology. 4(7):141-146.
Detection of non-O157 STEC in ground beef using the GeneDisc real-time PCR system -
Fratamico, P.M., Bagi, L.K. 2012. Detection of non-O157 STEC in ground beef using the GeneDisc real-time PCR system. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2012.00152.
Methods for detection, isolation, and identification of Non-O157 shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli -
Fratamico, P.M., Wasilenko, J.L., Medina, M.B., Sommers, C.H. 2012. Methods for detection, isolation, and identification of Non-O157 shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. United States Japan Natural Resources Protein Panel. MA.
Phylogenetic identification of bacterial MazF toxin protein motifs among probiotic strains and foodborne pathogens and potential implications of engineered probiotic intervention in food Reprint Icon -
Yan, X., Gurtler, J., Fratamico, P.M., Hu, J., Juneja, V.K. 2012. Phylogenetic identification of bacterial MazF toxin protein motifs among probiotic strains and foodborne pathogens and potential implications of engineered probiotic intervention in food. BioMed Central(BMC) Cell & Bioscience. 2:39.
Characterization and comparative analysis of a second thermonuclease in Staphylococcus aureus Reprint Icon -
Hu, Y., Meng, J., Shi, C., Hervin, K., Fratamico, P.M., Shi, X. 2013. Characterization and comparative analysis of a second thermonuclease in Staphylococcus aureus. Microbiological Research. 168(3):174-182.
Effect of stress on non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli -
Smith, J.L., Fratamico, P.M. 2012. Effect of stress on non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. Journal of Food Protection. 75(12):2241-2250.
Epidemiology of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in finishing swine -
Influence of primer sequences and DNA extraction method on detection of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in ground beef by real-time PCR targeting the eae, stx, and serogroup-specific genes Reprint Icon -
Wasilenko, J.L., Fratamico, P.M., Narang, N., Tillman, G.E., Ladely, S.R., Cray Jr, W.C. 2012. Influence of primer sequences and DNA extraction method on detection of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in ground beef by real-time PCR targeting the eae, stx, and serogroup-specific genes. Journal of Food Protection. 75(11):1939-50.
Escherichia coli O157 and other Shiga toxin producting E. coli: detection by immunomagnetic particle-based assays -
Fratamico, P.M., Gehring, A.G. 2014. Escherichia coli O157 and other Shiga toxin producting E. coli: detection by immunomagnetic particle-based assays. In: Batt, C.A., Tortorello, M.L. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology. Vol.1. Elsevier Ltd., Academic Press.
Isolation of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O121 and O145 from ground beef using modified rainbow agar and post-immunomagnetic separation acid treatment Reprint Icon -
Tillman, G., Wasilenko, J.L., Simmons, M., Lauze, T., Miniocozzi, J., Oakley, B., Narang, N., Fratamico, P.M., Cray, W. 2012. Isolation of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O121 and O145 from ground beef using modified rainbow agar and post-immunomagnetic separation acid treatment. Journal of Food Protection. 75:1548-1554.
Prevention, control, and treatment: food, animal, and human -
Advances in genomic- and proteomic-based methods to study food-borne pathogens -
The effects of integrated treatment of UV light and low dose gamma radiation on Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica on grape tomatoes -
Mukhopadhyay, S., Ukuku, D.O., Fratamico, P.M. 2012. The effects of integrated treatment of UV light and low dose gamma radiation on Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica on grape tomatoes [abstract]. International Association for Food Protection, July 22-25, 2012, Providence, Rhode Island. 1:1.
DNA sequence and analysis of a 90.1 kb virulence plasmid in shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O145:NM 83-75 -
Yan, X., Fratamico, P.M., Needleman, D.S., Bayles, D.O. 2012. DNA sequence and analysis of a 90.1 kb virulence plasmid in shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O145:NM 83-75. Plasmid Journal. 68:25-32.
Methods of detection and characterization of pathogenic Escherichia coli -
Feng, P., Strockbine, N., Fratamico, P.M. 2012. Methods of detection and characterization of pathogenic Escherichia coli. In: Eds.UNESCO-EOLSS Joint Committee. Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems. Oxford,UK: Eolss Publishers. Available: http://www.eolss.net.
Latex agglutination assays for detection and of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O121 and O145 -
Medina, M.B., Shelver, W.L., Fratamico, P.M., Fortis, L., Narang, N., Cray, Jr., W., Esteban, E., Tillman, G., Debroy, C. 2012. Latex agglutination assays for detection and of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O121 and O145. Journal of Food Protection. 75(5):819-826.
Application of ozonated dry ice (ALIGAL TM Blue Ice) for packaging and transport in the food industry -
Application of ozonated dry ice (AligalTM Blue Ice) for packaging and transport in the food industry -
Fratamico, P.M., Juneja, V.K., Annous, B.A., Rasanayagam, V., Sundar, M., Braithwaite, D., Fisher, S. 2012. Application of ozonated dry ice (AligalTM Blue Ice) for packaging and transport in the food industry. Journal of Food Science. 77(5):M285-M291.
Mathematical modeling of growth of non-O157 Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia coli in raw ground beef -
Huang, L., Tu, S., Phillips, J.G., Fratamico, P.M. 2012. Mathematical modeling of growth of non-O157 Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia coli in raw ground beef. Journal of Food Science. 77(4)217-225.
Detection of O antigens in Escherichia coli -
Debroy, C., Roberts, E., Fratamico, P.M. 2012. Detection of O antigens in Escherichia coli. Animal Health Research Reviews. Cambridge University Press. England. 12(2):169-185.
Prevalence, distribution, and molecular characterization of Salmonella recovered from swine finishing herds and a slaughter facility in Santa Catarina, Brazil Reprint Icon -
Kich, J.D., Coldebella, A., Mores, N., Nogueira, M.G., Cardoso, M., Fratamico, P.M., Call, J.E., Cray, P.J., Luchansky, J.B. 2011. Prevalence, distribution, and molecular characterization of Salmonella recovered from swine finishing herds and a slaughter facility in Santa Catarina, Brazil. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 151(3):307-313.
Pathogenic Escherichia coli -
Non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli -
Fratamico, P.M., Smith, J.L. 2012. Non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. In: Yan, X., Juneja, V.K., Fratamico, P.M., Smith, J.L., editors. Omics Technologies and Microbial Modeling in Food-borne Pathogens. Lancaster, PA: DESTech Publishers. p. 17-41.
Omics, microbial modeling, and food safety information infrastructure: a food safety perspective -
Yan, X., Juneja, V.K., Fratamico, P.M., Smith, J.L. 2012. Omics, microbial modeling, and food safety information infrastructure: a food safety perspective. In: Yan, X., Juneja, V., Fratamico, P., Smith, J., editors. Omics Technologies and Microbial Modeling in Food-borne Pathogens. Lancaster, PA: DESTech Publication. p. 3-16.
RFID technologies for imported foods inspection -
Bai, L., Yan, X., Biswas, S., Fratamico, P.M. 2012. RFID technologies for imported foods inspection. In: Yan, X., Juneja, V., Fratamico, P., Smith, J., editors. Omics Technologies and Microbial Modeling in Food-borne Pathogens. Lancaster, PA: DEStech Publishers. p. 603-614.
Statistics of sampling for microbiological testing of foodborne pathogens -
Ross, T., Fratamico, P.M., Jaykus, L., Zweitering, M. 2011. Statistics of sampling for microbiological testing of foodborne pathogens. In: Hoorfar, J., editor. Rapid Detection, Characterization, and Enumeration of Food-Borne Pathogens. Danvers, MA: ASM Press. p. 103-120.
A comparative genomics approach for biomarker candidate discovery among shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli -
Effects of polyphosphate additives on the pH of processed chicken exudates and the survival of Campylobacter Reprint Icon -
Gunther, N.W., He, Y., Fratamico, P.M. 2011. Effects of polyphosphate additives on the pH of processed chicken exudates and the survival of Campylobacter. Journal of Food Protection. 74:1735-1740.
Comprehensive approaches for molecular biomarker discovery for the detection and identification of Cronobacter spp. (Enterobacter sakazakii), Salmonella, and other foodborne pathogens Reprint Icon -
Yan, X., Gurtler, J., Fratamico, P.M., Hu, J., Gunther, N.W., Juneja, V.K., Huang, L. 2011. Comprehensive approaches for molecular biomarker discovery for the detection and identification of Cronobacter spp. (Enterobacter sakazakii), Salmonella, and other foodborne pathogens. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 77:1833-1843.
Detection by multiplex real-time PCR assays and isolation of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145 in ground beef -
Fratamico, P.M., Bagi, L.K., Cray Jr, W.C., Narang, N., Medina, M.B., Liu, Y. 2011. Detection by multiplex real-time PCR assays and isolation of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145 in ground beef. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease. DOI: 10.1089=fpd.2010.0773.
Rapid detection, characterization, and enrumeration of food-borne pathogens -
Goodridge, L.D., Fratamico, P.M., Christensen, L.S., Hoorfar, J., Griffiths, M., Carter, M., Bhunia, A.K., O'Kennedy, R. 2011. Rapid detection, characterization, and enrumeration of food-borne pathogens. In: Hoorfar, J., editor. Detection Technologies:strengths and shortcomings. Washington, D.C.: ASM Press. p. 15-45.
Differential gene expression of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef extract compared to tryptic soy broth Reprint Icon -
Fratamico, P.M., Yan, X., Li, Y. 2011. Differential gene expression of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef extract compared to tryptic soy broth. Journal of Food Science. 76:79-87.
Eavesdropping by bacteria: the role of SdiA in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium quorum sensing -
Smith, J.L., Fratamico, P.M., Yan, X. 2011. Eavesdropping by bacteria: the role of SdiA in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium quorum sensing. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease. 8:169-178.
The complete DNA sequence and analysis of the virulence plasmid and of five additional plasmids carried by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O26:H11 strain H30 Reprint Icon -
Fratamico, P.M., Yan, X., Caprioli, A., Esposito, G., Needleman, D.S., Pepe, T., Tozzoli, R., Cortesi, M.L., Morabito, S. 2011. The complete DNA sequence and analysis of the virulence plasmid and of five additional plasmids carried by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O26:H11 strain H30. Journal of Medical Microbiology. 301:192-203.
Evaluation of TA10 Broth for Recovery of Heat- and Freeze-Injured Salmonella from Beef -
Kamisaki-Horikoshi, M., Okada, Y., Takeshita, K., Sameshima, T., Kawasaki, S., Kawamoto, S., Fratamico, P.M. 2011. Evaluation of TA10 Broth for Recovery of Heat- and Freeze-Injured Salmonella from Beef. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. 94:857-862.
Development of a multiplex PCR detection kit for Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 -
Kawasaki, S., Fratamico, P.M., Horikoshi, N., Okada, Y., Takeshita, K., Sameshima, T., Kawamoto, S. 2011. Development of a multiplex PCR detection kit for Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly. 45:77-81.
From ontology selection and semantic web to the integrated information system of food-borne diseases and food safety -
Yan, X., Peng, Y., Meng, J., Rusante, J., Fratamico, P.M., Huang, L., Juneja, V.K., Needleman, D.S. 2011. From ontology selection and semantic web to the integrated information system of food-borne diseases and food safety. Software Tools and Algorithms for Biological Systems. 26-34.
Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in food using real-time multiplex PCR assays targeting the stx1, stx2, wzyo157, and the fliCh7 or eae genes -
Fratamico, P.M., Debroy, C. 2010. Detection of Escherichia coli O157H7 in food using real-time multiplex PCR assays targeting the stx1, stx2, wzyo157, and the fliCh7 or eae genes. Food Analytical Methods. 3:330-337.
Detection of E. coli O157:H7 in Food Using Real-Time Multiplex PCR Assays Targeting the stx1, stx2, wzy, and the fliCh7 or eae Genes -
Fratamico, P.M., Debroy, C. 2010. Detection of E. coli O157:H7 in Food Using Real-Time Multiplex PCR Assays Targeting the stx1, stx2, wzy, and the fliCh7 or eae Genes. Journal of Food Analytical Methods. 3:330-337.
Fluoroquinolone resistance in Campylobacter -
Smith, J.L., Fratamico, P.M. 2010. Fluoroquinolone resistance in Campylobacter. Journal of Food Protection. 73(6):1141-1152.
Improved efficiency in amplification of Escherichia coli o-antigen gene clusters using genome-wide sequence comparison -
Escherichia coli serogroup O2 and O28ac O-antigen gene cluster sequences and detection of pathogenic E. coli O2 and O28ac by PCR -
Fratamico, P.M., Yan, X., Debroy, C., Bryne, B., Monaghan, A., Liu, Y., Bolton, D., Fanning, S. 2010. Escherichia coli serogroup O2 and O28ac O-antigen gene cluster sequences and detection of pathogenic E. coli O2 and O28ac by PCR. Canadian Journal of Microbiology. 56:308-316.
Multiplex real-time PCR assay for the specific detection and quantification of Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground pork samples -
Kawasaki, S., Fratamico, P.M., Horikoshi, N., Okada, Y., Takeshita, K., Sameshima, T., Kawamoto, S. 2010. Multiplex real-time PCR assay for the specific detection and quantification of Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground pork samples. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease. 7(5):549-554.
Microbial profiling, neural network and semantic web: an integrated information system for human pathogen risk management, prevention and surveillance in food safety -
Yan, X., Peng, Y., Meng, J., Ruzante, J., Fratamico, P.M., Huang, L., Juneja, V.K. 2009. Microbial profiling, neural network and semantic web: an integrated information system for human pathogen risk management, prevention and surveillance in food safety. International Conference on Predictive Modeling in Foods. 1:11-12.
Non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli: detection and characterization -
Fratamico, P.M. 2009. Non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli: detection and characterization. Meeting Abstract. p. 39-44.
Biofilms in fresh fruit and vegetables -
Annous, B.A., Smith, J.L., Fratamico, P.M., and Solomon, E.B. 2009. Biofilms in fresh fruit and vegetables. In: Fratamico, P.M., Annous, B.A., Gunther N.W. IV, editors. Biofilms in the food and beverage industries. 1st edition. Boca Raton, FL: Woodhead Publishing Limited and CRC Press LLC. p. 517-535.
Comparison of the H7 latex agglutination test with a fliCh7 real-time PCR assay for confirmation of the H type of Escherichia coli O157:H7 -
Narang, N., Fratamico, P.M., Tilman, G., Pupedis, K., Cray Jr, W.C. 2009. Comparison of the H7 latex agglutination test with a fliCh7 real-time PCR assay for confirmation of the H type of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Journal of Food Protection. 72(10):2195-2197.
MicroBQs: a centralized database for use in studying bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing -
Yan, X., Gui, J., Fratamico, P.M. 2009. MicroBQs: a centralized database for use in studying bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing. Book Chapter. Oxford, UK: Woodhead Publishing Ltd. p. 152-166. Biofilms in the Food and Beverage Industries, P.M. Fratamico, B.A. Annous, and N.W. Gunther (Ed.)
Concluding perspectives of sequelae and long-term consequences of infectious diseases - what's next? -
Fratamico, P.M., Smith, J.L., Brogden, K.A. 2009. Concluding perspectives of sequelae and long-term consequences of infectious diseases - what's next?. In: Fratamico, P.M., Smith, J.L., Brogden, K.A., editors. Sequelae and Long-Term Consequences of Infectious Diseases. Washington, DC: ASM Press. p. 487-493.
DETECTION OF CAMPYLOBACTER FROM POULTRY CARCASSES AT SLAUGHTER AND DIFFERENTIATION OF CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI AND CAMPYLOBACTER COLI BY MULTIPLEX PCR -
Pepe, T., Dominicis, R., Esposito, G., Demarco, I., Fratamico, P.M., Cortesi, M.L. 2009. DETECTION OF CAMPYLOBACTER FROM POULTRY CARCASSES AT SLAUGHTER AND DIFFERENTIATION OF CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI AND CAMPYLOBACTER COLI BY MULTIPLEX PCR. Journal of Food Protection. 72(8):1718-1721.
Molecular mechanisms involved in biofilm formation by food-associated bacteria -
Smith, J.L., Fratamico, P.M., Uhlich, G.A. 2009. Molecular mechanisms involved in biofilm formation by food-associated bacteria. Book Chapter. In: Fratamico, P.M., Annous, B.A., Gunther, N.W., editors. Biofilms in the Food and Beverage Industries. Oxford, UK: Woodhead Publishing, Ltd. p. 42-98.
PCR Detection of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O145 in Food by Targeting Genes in the E. coli O145 O-Antigen Gene Cluster and the Shiga Toxin 1 and Shiga Toxin 2 Genes -
Fratamico, P.M., Debroy, C., Miyamoto, T., Liu, Y. 2009. PCR Detection of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O145 in Food by Targeting Genes in the E. coli O145 O-Antigen Gene Cluster and the Shiga Toxin 1 and Shiga Toxin 2 Genes. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease. 6(5):605-611.
PCR detection and microbiological isolation of Salmonella spp. from bovine meat and cantaloupe -
Gallegos-Robles, M., Morales-Loredo, A., Alvarez-Ojeda, G., Osuna-Garcia, J., Martinez, I.O., Ramos-Morales, L.H., Fratamico, P.M. 2009. Pcr detection and microbiological isolation of Salmonella spp. from bovine meat and cantaloupe. Journal of Food Science and Technology. 74(Nrl):M37-M40.
Quorum Sensing in Biofilms: Why Bacteria Behave the Way They Do -
Annous, B.A., Fratamico, P.M., Smith, J.L. 2009. Quorum Sensing in Biofilms: Why Bacteria Behave the Way They Do. Journal of Food Science. 74(1):R24-R37.
Evaluation of a multiplex PCR system for simultaneous detection of Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in foods and in food subjected to freezing -
Kawasaski, S., Fratamico, P.M., Horikoshi, N., Okada, Y., Takeshita, K., Sameshima, T., Kawamoto, S. 2009. Evaluation of a multiplex PCR system for simultaneous detection of Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in foods and in food subjected to freezing. Foodborne Pathogens & Disease. 6(1):81-89.
Sequencing of the Escherichia coli O22 O Antigen Gene Cluster and Detection of E. coli Serogroups O22 and O91 by Multiplex PCR Assays Targeting Virulence Genes and the wzy Gene in the Respective O-Antigen Gene Clusters -
Fratamico, P.M., Liu, Y., Debroy, C. 2009. Sequencing of the Escherichia coli O22 O Antigen Gene Cluster and Detection of E. coli Serogroups O22 and O91 by Multiplex PCR Assays Targeting Virulence Genes and the wzy Gene in the Respective O-Antigen Gene Clusters. Journal of Food Analytical Methods. 2:169-179.
CHARACTERIZATION OF SHIGA TOXIN-PRODUCING ESCHERICHIA COLI STRAINS ISOLATED FROM SWINE FECES -
Fratamico, P.M., Bhagwat, A.A., Injaian, L., Cray, P.J. 2008. Characterization of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli strains isolated from swine feces. Journal of Food Protection. 5(6):827-838.
The Application of “Omics” Technologies for Food Safety Research -
Fratamico, P.M. 2008. The Application of “Omics” Technologies for Food Safety Research. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease. 5. 369-370
Identification of Salmonella Serotypes Isolated from Cantaloupe and Chile Pepper Production Systems in Mexico by PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism -
Gallegos-Robles, M., Loredo, A., Ojeda, G., Vega, A., Chew, Y., Velarde, S., Fratamico, P.M. 2008. Identification of Salmonella Serotypes Isolated from Cantaloupe and Chile Pepper Production Systems in Mexico by PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism. Journal of Food Protection. 71(11):2217-2222.
Diseases with Long Term Consequences in Search of a Microbial Agent -
Smith, J.L., Fratamico, P.M. 2009. Diseases with Long Term Consequences in Search of a Microbial Agent. In: Sequelae and Long-Term Consequences of Infectious Diseases. P.M. Fratamico, J.L. Smith, and Ka.A. Brogden (Ed.) Washington, D.C.: ASM Press. p. 459-475.
SPECIES-SPECIFIC IDENTIFICATION OF CAMPYLOBACTERS BY PCR-RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM AND PCR TARGETING OF THE GYRASE B GENE -
Kawasaki, S., Fratamico, P.M., Wesley, I.V., Kawamoto, S. 2008. Species-specific identification of campylobacters by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and PCR targeting of the gyrase b gene. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 74(8):2529-2533.
DNA SEQUENCING, ANALYSIS, AND IDENTIFICATION OF SEROGROUP-SPECIFIC GENES IN THE ESCHERICHIA COLI O28AC AND O118 O ANTIGEN GENE CLUSTERS -
Liu, Y., Fratamico, P.M., Debroy, C., Bumbaugh, A., Allen, J. 2008. DNA SEQUENCING, ANALYSIS, AND IDENTIFICATION OF SEROGROUP-SPECIFIC GENES IN THE ESCHERICHIA COLI O28AC AND O118 O ANTIGEN GENE CLUSTERS. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease. 5(4):449-457.
Animal and Environmental Impact on the Presence and Distribution of Salmonella spp. in Hydroponic Tomato Greenhouses -
Orozco, L., Iturriaga, M., Tamplin, M., Fratamico, P.M., Call, J.E., Luchansky, J.B., Escartin, E. 2008. Animal and Environmental Impact on the Presence and Distribution of Salmonella spp. in Hydroponic Tomato Greenhouses. Journal of Food Protection. 71(4):676-683.
Characterization of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli associated with two multi-state foodborne outbreaks in 2006 -
Uhlich, G.A., Sinclair, J.R., Warren, N.G., Chmielecki, W.A., Fratamico, P.M. 2008. Characterization of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli associated with two multi-state foodborne outbreaks in 2006. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 74:1268-1272.
Campylobacter: stress responses and biofilm formation -
Fratamico, P.M., Gunther, N.W., Bagi, L.K. 2007. Campylobacter: stress responses and biofilm formation. Meeting Abstract.
SOCIETY FOR GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY M -
Fratamico, P.M. 2007. Society for general microbiology m. Meeting Abstract. P.31.
APPLICATIONS OF THE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR) FOR DETECTION, IDENTIFICATION, AND TYPING OF FOOD-BORNE MICROORGANISMS -
Fratamico, P.M., Kawasaki, S. 2007. Applications of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for detection, identification, and typing of food-borne microorganisms. CRC Press, New York. Microbial Food Contamination, C.Wilson 9ed.) 2nd edition. p.213-254
EXTRAINTESTINAL PATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI (EXPEC) -
Smith, J.L., Fratamico, P.M., Gunther, N.W. 2007. Extraintestinal pathogenic escherichia coli (expec). Foodborne Pathogens and Disease. Vol.4(2):134-163
Molecular Characterization of the Escherichia coli Serogroup O117, O126, and O146 O Antigen Gene Clusters and Development of PCR Assays Targeting Serogroup O117-, O126-, and O146-Specific DNA Sequences -
Liu, Y., Debroy, C., Fratamico, P.M. 2007. Molecular Characterization of the Escherichia coli Serogroup O117, O126, and O146 O Antigen Gene Clusters and Development of PCR Assays Targeting Serogroup O117-, O126-, and O146-Specific DNA Sequences. Molecular and Cellular Probes. 21:295-302.
COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR DETECTION AND ISOLATION OF COLD-AND FREEZE-STRESSED ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7 IN RAW GROUND BEEF -
Fratamico, P.M., Bagi, L.K. 2007. Comparison of methods for detection and isolation of cold-and freeze-stressed escherichia coli o157:h7 in raw ground beef. Journal of Food Protection. Vol.70(7):1663-1669.
TESTING OF SWINE FECES OBTAINED THROUGH THE NATIONAL ANIMAL HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM'S SWINE 2000 STUDY FOR THE PRESENCE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7 -
Feder, I.E., Gray, J.T., Pearce, R., Fratamico, P.M., Bush, E., Porto, A., Wallace, F.M., Cray, P.J., Luchansky, J.B. 2007. Testing of swine feces obtained through the national animal health monitoring system's swine 2000 study for the presence of escherichia coli 0157:h7. Journal of Food Protection. Vol. 70(6):1489-1492.
Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli Associated with Muscle Foods -
Fratamico, P.M. 2007. Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli Associated with Muscle Foods. Meeting Abstract. P.195.02.
Bacterial quorum sensing and biofilm formation -
Fratamico, P.M. Bacterial quorum sensing and biofilm formation. Meeting Abstract. 041-01.
Applications of omics for food safety and security -
Fratamico, P.M., Luchansky, J.B. 2007. Applications of omics for food safety and security. Meeting Abstract. International Association for Food Protection. S19.
Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in food using a real-time multiplex PCR assay -
Fratamico, P.M., Debroy, C. 2007. Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in food using a real-time multiplex PCR assay. Abstract. Internatinal Association for Food Protection. P3-69.
COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCES OF 84.5-KB AND 3.2-KB PLASMIDS IN THE MULTI-ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT SALMONELLA ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM U302 STRAIN G8430 -
Chen, C., Nace, G., Solow, B., Fratamico, P.M. 2007. Complete nucleotide sequences of 84.5-kb and 3.2-kb plasmids in the multi-antibiotic resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium u302 strain g8430. Plasmid. 57:29-53.
POTENTIAL SOURCES OF SALMONELLA CONTAMINATION ON TOMATOES GROWN IN HYDROPONIC GREENHOUSES -
Orozco, L.R., Tamplin, M.L., Fratamico, P.M., Call, J.E., Luchansky, J.B., Escartin, E. 2006. Potential sources of salmonella contamination on tomatoes grown in hydroponic greenhouses. [Abstract] International Association for Food Protection's Annual Meeting P4-11. pg. 158.
PREVALENCE AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF SALMONELLA ISOLATES RECOVERED FROM FINISHING PIG HERDS AND SLAUGHTER FACILITIES IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL -
Kich, J., Coldebella, A., Mores, N., Fratamico, P.M., Call, J.E., Luchansky, J.B., Cray, P.J. 2006. Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of salmonella isolates recovered from finishing pig herds and slaughter facilities in southern brazil. {Abstract}. International Association of Food Protection. P2-10. p. 117.
ESCHERICHIA COLI O ANTIGEN TYPING USING DNA MICROARRAYS -
Liu, Y., Fratamico, P.M. 2006. Escherichia coli o antigen typing using dna microarrays. {Abstract}. International Association of Food Protection. P3-54.
CHARACTERIZATION OF SHIGA TOXIN-PRODUCING ESCHERICHIA COLI STRAINS ISOLATED FROM SWINE FECES -
Fratamico, P.M., Bagi, L.K., Cray, P.J., Bhagwat, A.A. 2006. Characterization of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli strains isolated from swine feces. {Abstract}. International Association of Food Protection. P1-47.
E. COLI O ANTIGEN TYPING USING DNA MICROARRAYS -
Liu, Y., Fratamico, P.M. 2006. E. coli o antigen typing using dna microarrays. Molecular and Cellular Probes. 2006. 20:239-244.
CHARACTERIZATION, TYPING, AND DETECTION OF PATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI -
Fratamico, P.M., Uhlich, G.A., Liu, Y. 2005. Characterization, typing, and detection of pathogenic escherichia coli. UJNR Food & Agricultural Panel Proceedings.
DETECTION OF ENTEROHEMORRHAGIC ESCHERICHIA COLI 0145 BY PCR TARGETING GENES IN THE E. COLI 0145 ANTIGEN GENE CLUSTER AND THE SHIGA TOXIN 1 AND SHIGA TOXIN 2 GENES -
Fratamico, P.M., Debroy, C., Miyamoto, T., Liu, Y. 2005. Detection of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli 0145 by PCR Targeting Genes in the E. Coli 0145 Antigen Gene Cluster and the Shiga Toxin 1 and Shiga Toxin 2 Genes. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Abstract. Paper # P-611.
DNA SEQUENCE OF THE ESCHERICHIA COLI O103 O ANTIGEN GENE CLUSTER AND DETECTION OF ENTEROHEMORRAGIC E. COLI O103 BY PCR AMPLIFICATION OF THE WZX AND WZY GENES -
Fratamico, P.M., Debroy, C., Strobaugh Jr, T.P., Chen, C. 2005. Dna sequence of the escherichia coli o103 o antigen gene cluster and detection of enterohemorragic e. coli o103 by pcr amplification of the wzx and wzy genes. Canadian Journal of Microbiology.
PCR ASSAYS FOR DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI SEROGROUPS O45 AND O55 TARGETING THE WZX AND WZY GENES IN THE O ANTIGEN GENE CLUSTERS -
Debroy, C., Fratamico, P.M., Briggs, C.E., Kundrat, J., Roberts, E., Liu, Y., Davis, M. 2005. Pcr assays for detection and identification of Escherichia coli serogroups O45 and O55 targeting the wzx and wzy genes in the O antigen gene clusters. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. v. 71. p. 4919-4924.
DETECTING PATHOGENS IN CATTLE AND MEAT -
Fratamico, P.M., Gehring, A.G., Karns, J.S., Van Kessel, J.S. 2005. Detecting pathogens in cattle and meat. Book Chapter. Improving the Safety of Fresh Meat, Woodhead Publishing Ltd., Cambridge, UK pg:25-55
REAL-TIME PCR -
Fratamico, P.M. 2005. Real-time pcr. Food Protection Trends. 25:44-46.
DIARRHEA-INDUCING ESCHERICHIA COLI -
Smith, J.L., Fratamico, P.M. 2005. Diarrhea-inducing escherichia coli. Book Chapter. Caister Academic Press, Norfolk, UK p. 357-382.
LOOK WHAT'S COMING DOWN THE ROAD: POTENTIAL FOOD BORNE PATHOGENS -
Smith, J.L., Fratamico, P.M. 2005. Look what's coming down the road: potential food borne pathogens. Book Chapter. Foodborne Pathogens: Microbiology & Molecular Biology, Caister Academic Press, Norfolk, UK
MOLECULAR APPROACHES FOR DETECTION, IDENTIFICATION, AND ANALYSIS OF FOOD-BORNE PATHOGENS -
Fratamico, P.M., Bayles, D.O. 2005. Molecular approaches for detection, identification, and analysis of food-borne pathogens. Book Chapter. Foodborne Pathogens: Microbiology and Molecular Biology. Caister Academic Press, Norfolk, Virginia. pg. 1-13.
NUCLEIC ACID-BASED METHODS FOR DETECTION AND ANALYSIS OF FOODBORNE PATHOGENS -
Fratamico, P.M., Bagi, L.K., Liu, Y., Miyamoto, T. 2004. Nucleic acid-based methods for detection and analysis of foodborne pathogens. United States Japan Natural Resources Protein Panel. p. 348-353.
PREVALENCE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SHIGA TOXIN-PRODUCING ESCHERICHIA COLI IN SWINE FECES RECOVERED IN THE NATIONAL ANIMAL HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM'S SWINE 2000 STUDY -
Fratamico, P.M., Bagi, L.K., Bush, E.J., Solow, B.T. 2004. Prevalence and characterization of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in swine feces recovered in the national animal health monitoring system's swine 2000 study. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. v.70. P. 12.
NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DIAGNOSTIC METHODOLOGIES -
Liu, Y., Fratamico, P.M. 2004. Nucleic acid-based diagnostic methodologies. Book Chapter. Paper No. 6-TECH.
NUCLEIC ACID-BASED METHODS FOR DETECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FOOD-BORNE PATHOGENS -
Fratamico, P.M. 2004. Nucleic acid-based methods for detection and characterization of food-borne pathogens. River Falls Food Microbiology Symposium. Abstract. Paper # 14.
NUCLEIC ACID-BASED DIAGNOSTIC METHODS -
Liu, Y., Fratamico, P.M. 2004. Nucleic acid-based diagnostic methods. Meeting Abstract. P.AGFD168.
COMPROMISED HUMAN HEALTH AND THE INCREASED RISK OF FOODBORNE DISEASE -
Smith, J.L., Tamplin, M.L., Fratamico, P.M. 2004. Compromised human health and the increased risk of foodborne disease. Meeting Abstract. P.19.
ESCHERICHIA COLI -
Fratamico, P.M., Smith, J.L. 2005. Escherichia coli. In Foodborne Infections and Intoxications. D.O. Cliver and H. Reimann (ed.), Academic Press, New York.p. 205-258.
FOOD-BORNE PATHOGENS AND AT-RISK POPULATIONS: MICROBIOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS -
Fratamico, P.M., Tamplin, M.L., Smith, J.L. 2004. Food-borne pathogens and at-risk populations: microbiological considerations. Meeting Abstract. P.7
QUORUM SENSING: A PRIMER FOR FOOD MICROBIOLOGISTS -
Smith, J.L., Fratamico, P.M., Novak, J.S. 2003. Quorum sensing: a primer for food microbiologists. Journal Of Food Protection. 67(5):1053-1070.
QUORUM SENSING AND FOOD SAFETY -
Novak, J.S., Fratamico, P.M. 2004. Quorum sensing and food safety. Meeting Abstract. S-11.
DETECTION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI SEROTYPES 026 AND 0113 BY PCR AMPLIFICATION OF THE WZX AND WZY GENES -
Debroy, C., Roberts, E., Kundrat, J., Davis, M.A., Briggs, C.E., Fratamico, P.M. 2004. Detection of escherichia coli serotypes 026 and 0113 by pcr amplification of the wzx and wzy genes. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2004. v. 70(3):1830-1832.
AN EVALUATION OF ASCORBIC ACID AS A QUORUM SENSING ANALOGUE TO CONTROL GROWTH, SPORULATION, AND ENTEROTOXIN PRODUCTION IN CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS -
Novak, J.S., Fratamico, P.M. 2004. An evaluation of ascorbic acid as a quorum sensing analogue to control growth, sporulation, and enterotoxin production in clostridium perfringens. Applied And Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 69. Nr. 3. 2004. p.72-78.
DETECTION OF PATHOGENS IN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES -
Fratamico, P.M., Annous, B.A. 2003. Detection of pathogens in fruits and vegetables. NFRI, Japan Meeting Abstract.
DETECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI -
Fratamico, P.M., Bagi, L.K., Briggs, C.E., Debroy, C. 2003. Detection and characterization of pathogenic escherichia coli. United States Japan Natural Resources Protein Panel. p. 92-98.
REAL-TIME PCR -
FRATAMICO, P.M. REAL-TIME PCR. MEETING ABSTRACT. 2003.
DETECTION OF FOOD-BORNE PATHOGENS BY REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION ASSAYS -
FRATAMICO, P.M. DETECTION OF FOOD-BORNE PATHOGENS BY REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION ASSAYS. MEETING ABSTRACT. 2003.
CHARACTERIZATION OF TWO PLASMIDS THAT POSSESS ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE GENES IN SALMONELLA ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM U302 STRAIN G8430 -
CHEN, C., NACE JR, G.W., BRIGGS, C.E., SOLOW, B., FRATAMICO, P.M. CHARACTERIZATION OF TWO PLASMIDS THAT POSSESS ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE GENES IN SALMONELLA ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM U302 STRAIN G8430. MEETING ABSTRACT. 2003.
COMPARISON OF CULTURE, POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR), TAQMAN SALMONELLA, AND TRANSIA CARD SALMONELLA ASSAYS FOR DETECTION OF SALMONELLA SPP. IN NATURALLY-CONTAMINATED GROUND CHICKEN, GROUND TURKEY, AND GROUND BEEF -
Fratamico, P.M. 2003. Comparison of culture, polymerase chain reaction (pcr), taqman salmonella, and transia card salmonella assays for detection of salmonella spp. in naturally-contaminated ground chicken, ground turkey, and ground beef. Molecular and Cellular Probes. 17(5):215-221.
SEQUENCE OF THE ESCHERICHIA COLI O121 O ANTIGEN GENE CLUSTER AND DETECTION OF E. COLI O121 BY PCR AMPLIFICATION OF THE WZX AND WZY GENES -
FRATAMICO, P.M., BRIGGS, C.E., NEEDLE, D., CHEN, C., DEBROY, C. Sequence of the Escherichia coli O121 O antigen gene cluster and detection of E. coli O121 by PCR amplification of the wzx and wzy genes. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY. Vol. 41. No. 7. pg. 3379-3383.
COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR DETECTION AND ISOLATION OF COLD-STRESSED ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7 IN RAW GROUND BEEF -
FRATAMICO, P.M., BAGI, L.K. COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR DETECTION AND ISOLATION OF COLD-STRESSED ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7 IN RAW GROUND BEEF. MEETING ABSTRACT. 2003.
TOLERANCE TO STRESS AND ABILITY OF ACID-ADAPTED AND NON-ACID-ADAPTED SALMONELLA ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM DT104 TO INVADE AND SURVIVE IN MAMMALIAN CELLS IN VITRO -
PREVALENCE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SHIGA TOXIN-PRODUCING ESCHERICHIA COLI IN SWINE FECES BASED ON THE NATIONAL ANIMAL HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM'S SWINE 2000 STUDY -
FRATAMICO, P.M., BAGI, L.K., BUSH, E. PREVALENCE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SHIGA TOXIN-PRODUCING ESCHERICHIA COLI IN SWINE FECES BASED ON THE NATIONAL ANIMAL HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM'S SWINE 2000 STUDY. MEETING ABSTRACT. 2003.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON VIABILITY OF CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI AND CAMPYLOBACTER COLI ON CHICKEN AND PORK SKINS -
SOLOW, B.T., CLOAK, O.M., FRATAMICO, P.M. EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON VIABILITY OF CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI AND CAMPYLOBACTER COLI ON CHICKEN AND PORK SKINS. APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY. Vol. 66, No. 11, 2003, Pages 2023-2031
THE ISOLATION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI 0157:H7 FROM INTACT COLON SAMPLES OF SWINE AT A SWINE SLAUGHTER FACILITY -
FEDER, I.E., WALLACE, F.M., GRAY, J.T., FRATAMICO, P.M., CRAY, P.J., PEARCE, R., CALL, J.E., PERRINE, R., LUCHANSKY, J.B. THE ISOLATION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI 0157:H7 FROM INTACT COLON SAMPLES OF SWINE AT A SWINE SLAUGHTER FACILITY. EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES. 2003. vol. 9. No. 3.
CAMPYLOBACTER: STRESS RESPONSES IN FOOOD ENVIRONMENTS AND DETECTION. -
FRATAMICO, P.M., BHADURI, S., SOLOW, B., CLOAK, O. CAMPYLOBACTER: STRESS RESPONSES IN FOOOD ENVIRONMENTS AND DETECTION. MEETING ABSTRACT. 2002.
NATIONAL ANIMAL HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM SWINE 2000: A SURVEILLANCE STUDY OF ESCHERICHIA COLI 0157 IN SWINE -
Feder, I.E., Gray, J.T., Pearce, R., Bush, E., Fratamico, P.M., Wallace, F.M., Cray, P.J., Perrine, R., Dudley, R.L., Luchansky, J.B. 2002. National animal health monitoring system swine 2000: a surveillance study of escherichia coli 0157 in swine. International Association for Food Protection. P. 87. P120.
BOOK CHAPTER: FOODBORNE DISEASES -
FRATAMICO, P.M., SMITH, J.L., BUCHANAN, R.L. BOOK CHAPTER: FOODBORNE DISEASES. BOOK CHAPTER. 2002. Academic Press. p. 79-101.
METHODS FOR DETECTION AND ISOLATION OF BACTERIAL PATHOGENS ASSOCIATED WITH SWINE -
Fratamico, P.M., Bhaduri, S., Bush, E.J. 2001. Methods for detection and isolation of bacterial pathogens associated with swine. United States Japan Natural Resources Protein Panel. p. 41-47.
FATE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI ON FRESH CUT APPLE TISSUE AND ITS TRANSMISSION BY FRUIT FLIES -
DETECTION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7 BY MULTIPLEX POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION -
FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE EMERGENCE/RECOGNITION AND MAINTENANCE OF FOODBORNE PATHOGENS -
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