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ARS Home » Northeast Area » Boston, Massachusetts » Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center On Aging » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #64430
Title: EFFECTS OF A DIET RESTRICTED TO SATURATED FATTY ACIDS AND CHOLESTEROL ON THE COMPOSITION OF APOLIPOPROTEIN A-1-CONTAINING LIPOPROTEIN PARTICLES IN THE FASTING AND FED STATES

Author
item CHEUNG, MARIAN - NORTHWEST LIPID LAB
item LICHTENSTEIN, ALICE - TUFTS-HNRCA
item SCHAEFER, ERNST - TUFTS-HNRCA

Submitted to: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 7/5/1995
Publication Date: N/A
Citation: N/A

Interpretive Summary: There is a negative correlation between risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) or "good" cholesterol levels. That is, the higher the HDL cholesterol levels, the lower the risk of developing CHD. Therefore, it is of interest to determine the effect of consuming diets currently recommended to reduce total plasma cholesterol levels and risk of developing CHD on HDL cholesterol levels. In order to do this, middle aged and elderly subjects with moderately elevated plasma total and low density lipoprotein (LDL) of "bad" cholesterol levels were provided with each of two experimental diets, one similar to that currently eaten in the United States (baseline) and one reduced in total and saturated fat and with cholesterol levels consistent with the current dietary recommendations (reduced fat) for the American public. When the subjects were switched from the baseline to the reduced fat diet, in addition to total and LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol levels decreased. When the HDL cholesterol fraction of blood was divided in two on the basis of type of protein on the particle it was found that only one type of HDL particle was decreased (the particle with 2 rather than one type of protein). These data suggest that not all HDL particles respond similarly to diet and that each needs to be investigated when assessing the effect of dietary modification on risk of developing CHD.

Technical Abstract: To test the hypothesis that diet may exert differential effects on apolipoprotein (apo) A-I-containing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles with (w) and without (w/o) apoA-II [Lp(A-I w A-II) and Lp(A-I w/o A-II)], the effects of a diet low in saturated fatty acids and cholesterol [National Cholesterol Education Panel (NCEP) Step 2 diet] on these lipoproteins were determined in eight normolipidemic subjects, aged 53-74 y, in both the fasting and nonfasting states. Compared with a diet high in saturated fatty acid and cholesterol, consumption of an NCEP diet (6 mo) lowered fasting plasma, low-density-lipoprotein, and HDL cholesterol, and nonfasting plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, and HDL cholesterol (P <0.05-<0.005). Phospholipid in fasting and nonfasting Lp(ApI w A- II) and Lp(A-I w/o A-II) was lower during the NCEP diet (P ,0.05- 0.001), but reductions in apo A-I or A-II were observed only in Lp(A-I w A-II). In contrast, differences in particle-size profiles were detected in Lp(Ap-I w/o A-II) but not in Lp(A-I w A-II). These observations provide further evidence that Lp(A-I w A-II) and Lp(A-I w/o A-II) are distinct metabolic entities.