Author
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Ridpath, Julia |
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Submitted to: World Buiatrics Congress and American Association Proceedings
Publication Type: Proceedings Publication Acceptance Date: 3/28/2016 Publication Date: 7/8/2016 Citation: Ridpath, J.F. 2016. Bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDV) and their cousins the HoBi-like viruses: Multi symptom, multi host, multi tasking pathogens . World Buiatrics Congress and American Association Proceedings. 1:102-104. Interpretive Summary: Technical Abstract: The term bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) has come to refer to a diverse collection of clinical presentations that include respiratory, enteric and reproductive symptoms accompanied by immunosuppression. While the majority of cases are subclinical in nature two forms exist, mucosal disease and hemorrhagic syndrome, that are associated with clinically severe disease and high mortality. BVD may be caused by one of three different species of bovine pestivirus, bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV1), BVDV2 and HoBi-like viruses. Regardless of species, isolates may exist as one of two biotypes, cytopathic and noncytopathic. Isolates of the noncytopathic biotype, but not the cytopathic biotype, can establish persistent infections, which are the result of infection of the fetus during the first one third of gestation. While the primary hosts of these three viral species are cattle natural and experimental infections of a wide range of domestic and free ranging hosts are possible. All three species have been found as contaminants of fetal bovine sera. Control measures include detection and culling of persistently infected animals and vaccination. At present commercial vaccines and diagnostics are based on BVDV1 and BVDV2 strains and have limited efficacy for the detection and control of HoBi-like virus strains. |
