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Title: The Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Recall for Children, 2012 version, for youth aged 9 to 11 Years: A validation study

Author
item DIEP, CASSANDRA - Children'S Nutrition Research Center (CNRC)
item HINGLE, MELANIE - University Of Arizona
item CHEN, TZU - Children'S Nutrition Research Center (CNRC)
item DADABHOY, HAFZA - Children'S Nutrition Research Center (CNRC)
item BELTRAN, ALICIA - Children'S Nutrition Research Center (CNRC)
item BARANOWSKI, JANICE - Children'S Nutrition Research Center (CNRC)
item SUBAR, AMY - National Cancer Institute (NCI, NIH)
item BARANOWSKI, TOM - Children'S Nutrition Research Center (CNRC)

Submitted to: Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 2/16/2015
Publication Date: 10/1/2015
Citation: Diep, C.S., Hingle, M., Chen, T.A., Dadabhoy, H.R., Beltran, A., Baranowski, J., Subar, A.F., Baranowski, T. 2015. The Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Recall for Children, 2012 version, for youth aged 9 to 11 Years: A validation study. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 115(10):1591–1598.

Interpretive Summary: Accurate methods of diet assessment are important for nutrition research and clinical practice. However, collecting dietary data from children can be difficult, especially because of limits on memory. One potential tool that is cost-effective and efficient is the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Recall (24hDR) for children (ASA24-Kids). ASA24-Kids is a computer-based program, through which children can self-report their dietary behaviors for the past 24 hours with the aid of images, an animated penguin avatar, and multiple questions. The purpose of this study was to test ASA24-Kids-2012, the version available when the study was conducted, among children aged 9-11 years. Study staff observed and recorded foods and drinks consumed by children during a school lunch and at a community dinner setting. The next day the children completed ASA24-Kids-2012 and an interviewer-conducted 24hDR in a randomized order. Foods were classified as matches (reported and consumed), intrusions (reported but not consumed), or omissions (not reported but consumed) for each participant and rates of matches, intrusions, and omissions were calculated. There were significantly higher match rates and lower omission rates for the interviewer-administered 24hDRs than ASA24-Kids-2012. Additional research is needed to determine at which age and under which circumstances children can reasonably complete recalls on their own, as well as to test more objective measures that may be more accurate and less burdensome.

Technical Abstract: Our objective was to validate the 2012 version of the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Recall for Children (ASA24-Kids-2012), a self-administered web-based 24-hour dietary recall (24hDR) instrument, among children aged 9 to 11 years, in two sites using a quasiexperimental design. In one site, trained staff members observed and recorded foods and drinks consumed by children (n=38) during school lunch. The next day, the observed children completed both ASA24-Kids-2012 and an interviewer-administered 24hDR in a randomized order. Procedures in a second site (n=31) were similar, except observations occurred during dinner in a community location. Foods were classified as matches (reported and consumed), intrusions (reported, but not consumed), or omissions (not reported, but consumed) for each participant. Rates of matches, intrusions, and omissions were calculated. Rates were compared between each recall method using repeated measures analysis of covariance. For matched foods, the authors determined correlation coefficients between observed and reported serving sizes. Match, intrusion, and omission rates between ASA24-Kids-2012 and observed intakes in Site 1 were 37%, 27%, and 35%, respectively. Comparable rates for interviewer-administered 24hDRs were 57%, 20%, and 23%, respectively. In Site 2, match, intrusion, and omission rates between ASA24-Kids-2012 and observed intakes were 53%, 12%, and 36%, respectively, vs 76% matches, 9% intrusions, and 15% omissions for interviewer-administered 24hDRs. The relationship strength between reported and observed serving sizes for matched foods was 0.18 in Site 1 and 0.09 in Site 2 for ASA24-Kids-2012, and 0.46 in Site 1 and 0.11 in Site 2 for interviewer-administered 24hDRs. ASA24-Kids-2012 was less accurate than interviewer-administered 24hDRs when compared with observed intakes, but both performed poorly. Additional research should assess the age at which children can complete recalls without the help of a parent or guardian, as well as elucidate under which circumstances recalls can reasonably be used among children.