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Title: Non-destructive determination of high oleic acid content in single soybean seeds by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy

Author
item HAN, SANG-IK - National Institute Of Crop Science - Korea
item CHAE, JONG-HYUN - Kyungpook National University
item Bilyeu, Kristin
item SHANNON, GROVER - University Of Missouri
item LEE, JEONG-DONG - Kyungpook National University

Submitted to: Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 10/3/2013
Publication Date: 10/25/2013
Publication URL: http://handle.nal.usda.gov/10113/58961
Citation: Han, S., Chae, J., Bilyeu, K.D., Shannon, G.J., Lee, J. 2013. Non-destructive determination of high oleic acid content in single soybean seeds by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 91:229-234.

Interpretive Summary: Altering the composition of soybean seeds is an important goal for improving the nutritional components of food and feed developed from this important commodity. One research pursuit is to address technological innovations that improve the ability to rapidly and inexpensively identify desired soybean seeds during the breeding process for variety development. The objective of this work was to develop a non-destructive screening technology to identify single seeds carrying the high oleic acid trait. New equations were developed for a spectroscopy instrument utilizing individual seeds from a population containing the high oleic acid trait that was also characterized in the typical chemical phenotyping method. The equations were then validated using separate populations that were characterized by genotyping and chemical phenotyping. The results of the research is a new method that soybean breeders and researchers can use to accelerate their soybean breeding programs targeting the high oleic acid trait.

Technical Abstract: Soybean with increased oleic acid is desirable to improve oxidative stability and functionality of soybean seed oil. Recently, soybean genotypes with high oleic acid (= 70%) were developed by conventional breeding and molecular genetic selection of mutant fatty acid desaturase alleles. Determination of soybean genotypes with high oleic acid content has been done by gas chromatography and using DNA markers. Efficient and effective identification of high oleic acid soybean genotypes using non-destructive near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRs) on whole seed would greatly enhance progress in development of high oleic acid soybean varieties. The objective of this study was to develop a calibration equation for NIRs determination of high oleic acid from single soybean seeds. A total of 600 intact, single F2 seeds were scanned by NIRs. Spectral data were collected between 400 and 2,500 nm at 2nm intervals. The relationship between NIRs spectral patterns of each soybean seed and its oleic acid content was examined. The best predicted equations for oleic acid were selected on the basis of minimizing the standard error of cross validation and increasing the coefficient of determination. Validation demonstrated that the equations for determining seed oleic acid and high oleic acid content (over 50%) had high predictive ability (r2=0.91 and r2=0.99, respectively). To validate the newly developed equation, F2 seeds from several different genetic backgrounds were tested. Again, high oleic acid from single soybean seeds was accurately predicted from various genetic backgrounds. Therefore, applying the calibration equation to NIRs will be useful to rapidly and efficiently select high oleic acid soybean genotypes in breeding programs.