Technical Abstract: A conservation assessment for the three species of cycads native to the Bahamas Islands is presented. Results are based on extensive field surveys in all the islands where these species are found [Zamia angustifolia (native in Eleuthera), Z. integrifolia (native in Abaco, Andros, Eleuthera, Grand Bahama, and New Providence), and Z. lucayana (endemic to Long Island)]. We assessed the genetic structure of Z. lucayana based on 15 polymorphic microsatellite DNA loci. Zamia angustifolia has the highest conservation concern because of the small number of adult plants present, its restricted habitat distribution, and extensive housing development occurring within its habitat. Zamia integrifolia also has a very restricted distribution in Eleuthera and Grand Bahama. It is relatively common in the other islands; although, it is threatened by urban development in New Providence. Zamia lucayana only encompass three populations within a narrow strip occupying a total area of approximately 1 km2. We propose a reassignment of the current conservation status of this species from Endangered to Critically Endangered. The genetic data indicate that the three known populations of Z. lucayana should be considered as a single management unit; however, the high number of private alleles suggests that genetic drift, indicative of recent fragmentation, is progressing. We propose in situ conservation recommendations. In addition, we collected germplasm for ex situ conservation from 24 populations from all the islands.