Technical Abstract: Increasingly, consumer organizations, businesses, and academic researchers are using UAS to gather geospatial, environmental data on natural and man-made phenomena. These data may be either remotely sensed or measured directly (e. g., sampling of atmospheric constituents). The term geospatial data refers to any data that are referenced spatially, with a coordinate system, projection information and datum. The low cost and easy deployment of UAS relative to manned aircraft and satellites means that UAS can respond rapidly to collect geospatial data on an expected or unexpected event or during a disaster (Ambrosia et al., 2007). Further, UAS may be used to monitor gradual changes such as fruit ripening for harvest (Berni et al., 2008). This chapter starts with a synopsis of the reasons for the growth in the popularity of remote sensing on UAS platforms, the types of sensors in use and the image processing requirements. The chapter finishes with a review of some civilian applications for geospatial data acquisition.