Technical Abstract: Considerations for using corn residues as a biofuel feedstock should include impacts on subsequent crops in the rotation, in particular soybean. We used the APEX model to assess the impacts of four rates of corn residue removals; 0%, 40%, 60%, and 80%, across two land types; highly erodible (HEL) and non-HEL, three broad soil textural classes; clayey, loamy, and sandy, and the four soil hydrologic groups; A, B, C, and D, on soybean yield and N dynamics for 3703 farm fields within the Upper Mississippi River Basin. Overall, residue removal reduced soybean N fixation by 6%, and yields by 8%. Of the other factors, soil texture and hydrologic group differences impacted yields more than did land type. Soil N storage with no residue removal increased by a maximum of 229 kg ha-1, while the 40%, 60% and 80% residue removal rates reduced soil N storage relative to the 0% residue removal rate by approximately 221, 280 and 346 kg ha**-1, respectively. Nitrogen losses during the soybean-years are relatively small, and on average 56% lower than losses in the corn-years. Corn residue removal-induced reduction in N fixation and soil N storage should impact the size of the soybean N credit generally used in N fertilizer recommendations for corn/soybean rotations in the USA Corn Belt. This study underscores the need for holistic approaches to sustainably manage corn/soybean biofuel feedstocks production systems to meet the food and fiber needs of the nation, while also providing the much needed feedstocks for the emerging bioenergy industry.