Technical Abstract: Estimating the potential to sequester C in the cropland soils of the Eastern United States is challenging because diversity in geography and climate results in the production of a wide range of crops with variable practices. Recent data indicated that poultry litter application is the most consistent way to increase soil organic C (SOC) sequestration in the eastern US. The use of cover crops in conjunction with NT also increases potential for SOC sequestration. Reviews from 2005 estimated that adoption of no-till (NT) can sequester 0.41 (plus or minus 0.46) megagrams C hectare per year in the southeastern US but little or no C is sequestered in the northeast. However, more recent studies in the southeastern US and elsewhere indicate that gains in SOC near the surface of NT soils may be offset by depletion lower in the soil profile. Earlier studies, where soils were not sampled to a sufficient depth, may have missed C-depleted layers resulting in over-estimation of SOC sequestration.