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Title: Differences in gene expression occurring between the rapid and potent localized resistant soybean cv Peking as compared to PI 88788 in response to rust

Author
item KLINK, V - Mississippi State University
item HOSSEINI, P - Towson University
item MATSYE, P - Mississippi State University
item ALKHAROUF, N - Towson University
item Matthews, Benjamin - Ben

Submitted to: Plant Molecular Biology
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 11/13/2010
Publication Date: 12/15/2010
Citation: Klink, V.P., Hosseini, P., Matsye, P.D., Alkharouf, N.W., Matthews, B.F. 2010. Differences in gene expression occurring between the rapid and potent localized resistant soybean cv Peking as compared to PI 88788 in response to rust. Plant Molecular Biology. 75:141-165.

Interpretive Summary: Soybean is among the top five crops in the U.S. and the soybean cyst nematode is the major pest of soybean in the US, causing an estimated one billion dollars in losses annually. We compared the expression of genes in two different soybean types, both having resistance to some populations of soybean cyst nematode. However, the resistance in one soybean type, Peking, develops more rapidly than in the other soybean type. Several genes were identified that may play important roles in resistance. These genes are candidates for further studies to determine if they will be useful to develop broader resistance of soybean to nematodes. This information is useful to scientists working to develop soybean cultivars resistant to nematodes.

Technical Abstract: Soybean is one of the top five agricultural products in the United States with an estimated production of 3.36 billion bushels in 2009. Its protection from all pathogens is very important for soybean production. Soybean resistance to the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, occurs at the feeding site, which is a nurse cell known as the syncytium. Resistance is classified into two cytologically-defined responses represented in soybean cv. Peking and soybean PI 88788, respectively. Resistance in Peking occurs by a potent and rapid localized response, affecting parasitic second stage juveniles (p-J2). In contrast, resistance occurs by a potent but more prolonged reaction in the PI 88788 that affects nematode development at the J3 and J4 stages. Microarray analyses comparing these cytologically and developmentally distinct resistant reactions reveal differences in gene expression in pericycle and surrounding cells even before infection. The differences include higher relative levels of the differentially expressed gene, Response to arachidonic acid 1 gene (DEA1 [Gm-DEA1],)that is increased in expression 224.19-fold and a protease inhibitor that is increased in expression +68.28-fold in Peking as compared to PI 88788. Gene pathway analyses compare the two genotypes (1)before, (2) at various times during, (3) constitutively throughout the resistant reaction and (4) at all time points prior to and during the resistant reaction. The amplified levels of transcriptional activity of defense genes may explain the rapid and potent reaction in Peking as compared to PI 88788. In contrast, the shared differential expression levels of genes in Peking and PI 88788 may indicate a conserved genomic program underlying soybean resistance on which the genotype-specific gene expression programs are built.