Technical Abstract: Poultry litter applications to pastures can result in relatively high soil phosphorus (P) levels, which in turn can contaminate runoff and degrade surface water quality. New management protocols for temperate grasslands are needed to reduce the risk of P transport to surface water. The effects of three land use treatments on soil characteristics related to P runoff were investigated using small watersheds with 8% slope near Booneville, Arkansas, USA. The land use treatments were: 1) haying of bermudagrass overseeded with winter annual forage (ryegrass or rye); 2) rotationally grazed; and 3) rotationally grazed with 12 m wide tree buffer on the downhill portion of the plot. Plots and trees were established in 2003. Annual spring application of poultry litter (5.6 Mg / ha) to the hayed or grazed portions of the plots was started in 2004. Grazing treatments were imposed shortly after. By the summer of 2008 (4 years of treatments), soil concentrations of Bray 1 extractable P and soluble reactive P had increased significantly from approximately 40 and 4 mg P / kg soil, respectively, to over 200 and 30 mg P / kg soil, respectively, in the areas of the plots receiving poultry litter. Soil bulk density in the portions of the plots being grazed had increased significantly also. The soil collected from the forested riparian buffer in 2008 had similar soil bulk densities and Bray 1 extractable P concentrations as the plots did in 2003 before treatments were imposed.