Technical Abstract: Stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) are economically-important biting flies that have caused billions of dollars in losses in the livestock industry. Field monitoring studies have indicated olfaction may play an important role in host location. To further our understanding of stable fly olfaction, we examined the antennal olfactory sensilla morphology of stable fly adults using advanced scanning electron microscopic techniques. Four major types of sensilla were found and classified as: 1) sensilla basiconica, 2) sensilla trichodea, 3) sensilla clavate, and 4) sensilla coeloconica. No significant differences in abundance (total numbers) of sensilla were observed among these sensilla types between male and female stable flies, except the medium-sized trichoid sensilla. The distinctive pore structures found on the surface of s. basiconica and s. clavete suggest they are olfactory sensilla, with chemoreceptory functions. Details in distributions of different sensilla types located on the funiculus of the stable fly antennae were also introduced. Electroantennogram results indicated significant antennal responses to host associated compounds. This research provides valuable new information that will enhance future developments in integrated stable fly management.