Technical Abstract: Fuel prices have fluctuated wildly in the last several years, and faced with unpredictable or rising fuel costs, growers often lower temperature set points to decrease fuel use. However, plant growth and development are influenced by lower temperatures and may cause increases in fuel use due to longer production times. Alternative strategies to efficiency crop production are needed. Fertility, light, and CO2 are other environmental factors that can be manipulated within a greenhouse but how they interact together on growth and development are not well known. We grew Petunia × hybrida Vilm. in controlled environments in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial study investigating how light, fertility, and CO2 influence growth and development including shoot partitioning. Generally, light enhanced flowering, both mass and fraction of total biomass, while increased fertility was detrimental to the proportion of biomass allocated to flowers. The influence of CO2 was complex, with high CO2 suppressing flowering and enhancing leaf growth, but only mid-way through the seven week experiment. This suggests a sink limitation, so even in high light and fertility, crop response to enhanced CO2 was low. Together, these data suggest strategies that grower may have in controlling their crop growth and development, and indicate that enhanced growth (size) may be at the detriment of development (flowering mass and allocation).