Technical Abstract: This study was conducted to discuss the USDA, ARS medicinal legume germplasm taxonomy, molecular techniques, maintenance, evaluation, utilization, and conventional breeding for use by students and scientists working on medicinal legume genetic resources. The results of this study will provide a valuable reference for medicinal legume users. The germplasm collection provides a wide range of medicinal legume genetic resources for use in breeding programs. We explore the taxonomic implications, evaluations, and potential utilization for medicinal legume genetic resources. Additionally, breeding techniques are taken into account for improving many traits, including morphology, growth habit, physiological characteristics, and disease resistance. Cell and tissue culture research has provided us with phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and phytoestrogens These results provide a synopsis and reference for medicinal legume users, including students and scientists.