Technical Abstract: Nanotechnology is an advanced science that deals with the understanding, manipulation, transformation, control, and efficient utilization of matter at nanometer dimensions or, say, near its molecular levels. The term nanometer refers to a linear dimension that is a billionth of a meter or, say, one thousandth of a micron, which is a millionth part of a meter. Although the underlying concept of nanotechnology or sub-micro essentially was in existence several decades ago, the last couple of decades indeed have seen significant spurs in the developments and innovations of the technology in many industries and manufacturing sectors, including fibers and textiles (woven, knitted and nonwoven fabrics). The reason for the recent spurs and rapid growths in applications of the technology is the successful commercial demonstration of the underlying fact that a matter at or near its molecular level or dimension exhibits considerable improvements in some of its classical, physical, mechanical, chemical, biological, and electronic properties. Certain matters at their nano dimensions and even in small application-quantity, say 2 to 5% by weight of the bulk material, efficiently enhance certain desirable attributes of the bulk material and, hence, of its ultimate end-use product. For example, nano particles of certain materials, when impregnated with or embedded in cotton fiber, yarn or fabric, can significantly improve the latter’s durability, softness, stain resistance, dye-ability, thermal resistance/stability, wrinkle resistance, dimensional stability, abrasion resistance, fluid absorbency or repulsion, antimicrobial/biocide effects, or the like. Textiles in general and cotton textiles and nonwovens in particular are expected to be major beneficiaries of the rapidly growing nanotechnology.