Technical Abstract: Calcium (Ca2+) signals regulate many aspects of plant development, including the Hypersensitive Response (HR) that triggers a programmed cell death response to protect a plant from a pathogen. A transient increase in cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt ) results from Ca2+ entry from the apoplast or release from internal stores (e.g., the vacuole). A return to steady state [Ca2+]cyt levels is achieved through calcium/proton exchangers (CAX) or calcium pumps (ECA and ACA). In Arabidopsis, two calmodulin-activated Ca2+ Pumps (ACA4 and ACA11) have been found located in the tonoplast. Here we show that a double mutation of these two pumps results in a high frequency of HR-like lesions in plants growing under normal conditions. Lesions could be suppressed by disrupting the production or accumulation of salicylic acid (SA), as shown by combining aca4/11 mutations with a sid2 mutation or expression of a NhaG SA degradation enzyme. A novel conditional suppression was observed when nutrient supplies were supplemented with high (> 15 mM) levels of either phosphate, nitrate, or chloride. This conditional suppression was lost within three days of moving plants to more normal nutrient conditions. Lesion onset was found to originate primarily in mesophyll cells, as indicated by the appearance of micro-lesions detected by aniline blue staining. Under nutritional conditions that suppress lesions, aca4/11 also exhibited a higher transpiration rate, indicating that the vacuolar pumps help regulate calcium signaling pathways other than those that trigger programmed cell death. Altogether, those data demonstrate a role of the vacuolar calcium pumps in controlling multiple aspects of cellular physiology, including a programmed cell death pathway.