Technical Abstract: Interest in the art and science of rangeland management increased dramatically during the 20th century and it was out of this interest that the profession of rangeland management was born. As public interest in rangeland management grew, so did the number, breadth, and depth of rangeland management issues. Consequently, the profession has responded to these new challenges and opportunities by encompassing a wider array of rangeland management issues, such as biological diversity, noxious and invasive weeds, protection of rangeland and open space values, and endangered species. The evolution of resource management policy and practice reveals a general concern with ecosystem health and sustainability, which in turn reflects an overall concern in academia and public life about ecological and economic sustainability. The optimum size and growth rate of an economy may only be ascertained in the context of a staggering array of ecological and cultural factors. One of these factors is the relationship between economic growth and the environment, in our case, rangeland ecosystems. A critical role for the profession of rangeland management is to describe the basic trade-off between economic growth and sustainable rangeland management and to communicate clearly with people interested in that relationship.