Technical Abstract: This chapter provides a technical discussion of irrigation and drainage design and water management practices associated with irrigation in arid and semiarid areas. Surface irrigation being the principal method used in most arid areas is discussed in detail with the various types being outlined and design requirements being specified to ensure proper water application. Agronomic practices are discussed to ensure proper seed placement and leaching for plant establishment. Drainage system design criteria and root zone salinity control are discussed. Shallow groundwater management as a viable option for in-situ groundwater use is discussed with an emphasis on salinity management. Sequential biological concentration concepts are discussed and limitations and opportunities for saline drainage water disposal using this system are detailed.