Technical Abstract: • The bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi) is an important vector of barley yellow dwarf viruses that affect wheat and other small-grain crops, but the aphid may also cause direct feeding damage to wheat. • Various plant-resistance modalities and natural enemies are not equally applicable in simultaneously managing bird cherry-oat aphid and limiting incidence of barley yellow dwarf, and management strategies need careful consideration to optimize their effectiveness.