Technical Abstract: Pre- and post-harvest contamination of aflatoxin in maize is a major health deterrent of people in Africa where increase in production of the crop has been dramatic. This paper discusses management options to manage pre- and post-harvest toxin contamination in maize. Sound crop management practices have been found to be one of the more effective ways of avoiding, or at least diminishing, infection by Aspergillus flavus and subsequent aflatoxin production. Pre- and post-harvest practices that reduce aflatoxin contamination are use of resistant cultivars, harvesting at maturity, rapid drying on platforms to avoid contact with soil, appropriate shelling method to reduce grain damage, sorting, use of clean and aerated storage structures, controlling insect damage, and avoidance of long storage period. These management practices to reduce contamination from the field to the mouth are being tested in collaboration with farmers. Work continues to focus on food basket survey, bio-ecology of aflatoxin production, biological control through competitive exclusion strategy, impact of post-harvest management practices on human blood toxin levels, and resistance breeding. Practices related to dietary change, dietary interventions, and detoxification could also significantly reduce aflatoxin exposure. Strategies to reduce impact of mycotoxin on trade need investigations.