Technical Abstract: From an environmental perspective, conservation management (CM) practices such as reduced tillage help improve soil conditions. Literature concerning effects of CM on the environment is building, and many of those studies include glyphosate resistant crops (GRC) or glyphosate as a management component. Media reports and commodity publications often cite environmental benefits derived from GRCs, and the compatibility of CM and GRC is usually credited. However, virtually no scientific data have been published evaluating the joint impacts of CM and GRCs on environmental quality. The assumption is that by implementing CM, the same positive impacts on soil and water are conferred whether or not GRCs are used. In this paper, we draw upon available literature from both CM and GRCs to provide an analysis of potential impacts on soil and water quality. Results from a six-year reduced tillage study in Stoneville, Mississippi, complement this paper's theme, as some differences in soil characteristics due to GRC management were observed. Plots managed under continuous GR maize (Zea mays) maintained greater soil organic C and N compared to continuous non-GR maize, but no differences were measured in continuous cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) or cotton rotated with maize. Soil microbial community structure based on total fatty acid methyl ester analysis indicated a significant effect of the GRC system on the microbial community following five years of continuous GRC compared the non-GRC system. Results from this study as well as the literature indicate that there may be differences attributable to the interaction of CM and GRC, but that they are transient in nature, and do not appear to convey harmful effects on the soil ecosystem.