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Title: SYCHRONIZED SOMATIC EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT IN EMBRYOGENIC SUSPENSIONS OF GRAPEVINE (MUSCADINIA ROTUNDIFOLIA SMALL AND VITIS VINIFERA L.)

Author
item COLOVA(TSOLOVA), V - FAMU
item BORDALLO, P - FAMU
item PHILS, B - FAMU
item Bausher, Michael

Submitted to: Vitis
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 9/2/2006
Publication Date: 1/17/2007
Citation: Colova(Tsolova), V.M., Bordallo, P.N., Phils, B.R., Bausher, M.G. 2007. Sychronized somatic embryo development in embryogenic suspensions of grapevine (muscadinia rotundifolia small and vitis vinifera l.). Vitis. 46(1):15-18.

Interpretive Summary: A new embryogenic cell system was developed for grapes which allows for production of cells in a syncrhonous manner. This finding is important in that cells can be grown to a precribed stage of development allowing reproduction of cells under controlled conditions. The advantage of this type of system is the ability to produce material at near identical age , physiological and morphological development. This system will be useful in the large scale reproduction of grape varieties from the vinifera and muscadine types commonly grown in a number of states .

Technical Abstract: The full advantages of somatic embryogenesis as a regeneration system and essential model for performing functional genomics studies and understanding molecular aspect of the ontogenesis of higher plants are demonstrated only in high-frequency, synchronous embryogenic system in liquid culture. In the present study, such a synchronious somatic embryogenic culture was developed for muscadinia (Darlene var.) and vinifera (Velika var.) grape suspension cultures. High cell density and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) proved to be essential for the establishment of the suspension cultures. Low cell density and presence of auxin (2,4-D) is crucial for maintenance of suspension cultures. High cell density and withdrawal of the plant regulator is sufficient to enhanced somatic embryo development toward embryo differentiation and conversion. Cells and cell clusters fractionated by density gradient centrifugation in Ficoll solution demonstrated to be a suitable method for separation of subpopulations with various potential for embryo development. A synchronous development and differentiation of somatic embryos at high frequency was attained essentially for the heaviest cell population.