Technical Abstract: This chapter reviews the new era of advances in the application of industrial enzymes on renewable carbohydrate materials, including mono-, di-, and polysaccharides. Stunning progress in the genetic and protein engineering of enzymes using advanced techniques of biotechnology continue to open new markets, with enzymes being increasingly tailored for specific applications. Current large-scale enzyme applications on carbohydrate materials are reported as well as the advances in their increased and cheaper production. Examples of rapid growth of the use of industrial enzymes in specific industries are described, and include fuel ethanol production from agricultural feedstocks, detergents, pulp and paper manufacture, animal feeds, and fine chemical and specialized sugar manufacture. Practical application of enzymes to usually harsh industrial process conditions is still often problematic, and ways to improve the optimization of industrial applications are described. Finally, the future outlook for the application of enzymes on carbohydrate materials in industry is discussed.