Technical Abstract: To fully understand seed predation and as a first step in the search for effective ways to enhance weed seed losses in arable fields, we developed a conceptual model that integrates seed dispersal, seed burial and seed demand, the three processes that describe the dynamics of summer annual weed seeds on the soil surface in late summer and autumn. Published and unpublished experimental data were used to parameterize a simulation model for a number of crop-weed combinations. Sensitivity analyses for models for giant foxtail in corn and soybean indicate that factors related to seed availability are more important to overall seed losses due to predation than those related to seed demand. Delaying harvest date and destroying unshed weed seeds collected at harvest emerged as promising strategies to reduce seed input into the seed bank. The role of plant debris in hiding weed seed from predators was not unambiguous and requires further investigation. Estimates of overall seed losses due to predation based on model simulations in various crops and cropping systems indicate that weed seed predation can serve as an important tool in ecological weed management.