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Submitted to: Annual Review of Phytopathology
Publication Type: Book / Chapter Publication Acceptance Date: 4/20/2003 Publication Date: 9/15/2003 Citation: Martin, F.N. 2003. Development of alternative strategies for management of soilborne pathogens currently controlled with methyl bromide. Annual Review of Phytopathology. Interpretive Summary: This review examines the current state of the phase-out of methyl bromide as a preplant soil fumigant and discusses potential alternatives for pest control. The status of alternative fumigants is reviewed and their efficacy in field trials discussed. Basic information on movement of the fumigants in the soil and their fate (both chemical and microbial degradation) is presented. Alternative application techniques also are discussed (application through drip lines and the use of virtually impermeable films to prevent release of the fumigant into the atmosphere) with an emphasis placed on development of alternative application techniques to minimize the environmental impact of pesticide application. Non-chemical means for pest control are examined as well, with the discussion focusing on development of integrated methods for pest management. Technical Abstract: This review examines the current state of the phase-out of methyl bromide as a preplant soil fumigant and discusses potential alternatives for pest control. The status of alternative fumigants such as chloropicrin, 1,3-dichloropropene, methyl isothyocianate, iodomethane, and propargyl bromide is reviewed and their efficacy in field trials in California and Florida discussed. Basic information on movement of the fumigants in the soil and their fate (both chemical and microbial degradation) is presented. Alternative application techniques also are discussed (application through drip lines and the use of virtually impermeable films to prevent release of the fumigant into the atmosphere) with an emphasis placed on development of alternative application techniques to minimize the environmental impact of pesticide application. Non-chemical means for pest control are examined as well, including biological control, development of cultivars with tolerance to diseases, solarization, and crop rotation for management of pathogen populations. The need for more basic research on understanding which pathogens contribute to yield reductions in non-fumigated soils and on rhizosphere microbial ecology is discussed focusing on the development of integrated methods for pest management. |
