Technical Abstract: Manure, compost, and biosolids (municipal sludge) are organic residuals that contain nutrients and organic matter. They are excellent substitutes for chemical fertilizers. The organic matter in these renewable organic residuals can significantly improve the soil chemical and physical properties and enhance biological activities. Because of nutrients and organic matter in manure, compost, and biosolids, they can be used to improve degraded, eroded, or less productive soils as soil amendments. If not used properly, manure, compost, and biosolids can be a source of environmental pollution.