Technical Abstract: Manure presents one of the greatest challenges to livestock operations in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed. The Chesapeake Bay is threatened by excessive nutrient loadings and, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, manure is the source of 18% of the nitrogen and 27% of the phosphorus entering the Bay annually. It is well recognized that programs aimed at improving the health of the Bay must address manure as a source and manure management as a solution. We review the diversity of manure management concerns found in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed, highlighting priority concerns and, where possible, identifying remedial actions. As the root causes of today’s manure management concerns range from on-farm practices, to historical factors, to market forces and food production system design, sustainable management of manure requires a holistic approach that includes both short- and long-term objectives.