Technical Abstract: The presence of Listeria monocytogenes on the surfaces of equipment and workers' hands during different production stages, as well as on fish skin and meat during processing and storage of cold-smoked trout, was investigated. Listeria monocytogenes was recovered from 10 (6.06%) of a total 165 cotton-swabbed samples collected from the surfaces of equipment and workers' hands at two separate processing facilities. Of 105 samples collected from fish skin and meat during various production steps in both processing plants, 14 (13.33%) were confirmed culture-positive for L. monocytogenes, with recovery being most frequent in samples collected in the area before vacuum packaging. Recovery rates at two different Serbian processing plants did not differ (p<0.05) but suggested that different L. monocytogenes serotypes appeared to be resident within each processing plant and may have contributed to the final product contamination. From all smoked trout samples collected during 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of storage at 4oC, only two were culture-positive for L. monocytogenes serotype 1/2a, and both of these were collected on the 7th day of storage. Conversely, 4, 3, and 1 sample(s) were contaminated with L. monocytogenes serotypes 1/2a and 1/2b after 7, 14, and 21 days storage at 10oC. Listeria monocytogenes was not recovered from smoked trout stored 28 days at 10oC. Results emphasize the importance of adhering to strict hygienic and quality control standards throughout the processing environment.