Technical Abstract: Manure is applied to cropland areas with varying surface cover to meet single- or multiple-year crop nutrient requirements. The objectives of this field study were to (1) examine runoff water quality characteristics following land application of manure to sites with and without wheat residue, (2) compare the water quality impacts of land application of manure to meet 0-, 1-, 2-, 4-, and 8- year P based requirements for corn; and (3) evaluate the effects of varying runoff rates on runoff nutrient loads. Three 30-min simulated rainfall events, separated by 24-hour intervals, were applied at an intensity of approximately 70 mm hr-1 to 0.75 m wide by 2.0 m long plots on which manure has been previously applied and incorporated. Runoff loads of dissolved phosphorus (DP), total phosphorus (TP), NO3-N, NH4-N, and total nitrogen (TN) were significantly greater on the plots with residue cover. The reduction in flow velocity on the surfaces with residue is thought to have provided greater time for overland flow to interact with soil nutrients. Manure application rate significantly influenced runoff loads of DP, TP, NO3-N, NH4-N, and total nitrogen (TN). Runoff loads of DP and TP were significantly greater on sites where manure was applied to meet a 4-year rather than a 2-year P requirement for corn. Each of the measured water quality parameters except electrical conductivity (EC) was significantly influenced by runoff rate. The application of manure to meet multiple-year crop nutrient requirements provides economic benefits but may increase nutrient loads in runoff.