Technical Abstract: Phytophthora stem and root rot disease, caused by Phytophthora sojae, is one of the most destructive diseases of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), and has been increasing in several soybean-producing areas around the world. This disease induces serious limitations on soybean production, with yield losses ranging from 4 to 100%. The most effective method to reduce damage from this disease to soybean would be to develop and establish Phytophthora-resistant cultivars. To date, two types of host resistance, 1) race-specific resistance with single dominant Rps genes, and 2) partial resistance (tolerance or field resistance) conferred by multiple genes, could provide reasonable protection from this pathogen. Molecular markers linked to the Rps genes for race-specific resistance or to quantitative trait loci for partial resistance have been discovered on several molecular linkage groups representing chromosomes. These markers will make it possible to screen for Phytophthora-resistant plants rapidly and efficiently. This paper reviews pathogenic races of Phytophthora sojae around the world, selection of soybean resistance sources with Rps genes or partial resistance, and the current state and future scope of breeding Phytophthora-resistant soybean cultivars with race-specific resistance and/or partial resistance.