Technical Abstract: The cob fraction of corn (Zea mays L.) residue has characteristics that reduce concerns associated with residue removal making it a potential biofuel feedstock. The contribution the cob fraction makes to soil C and nutrient dynamics is unknown. A litterbag study was conducted in no-tillage plots under irrigated and rainfed conditions in eastern Nebraska. Litterbags containing cob residue were placed on the soil surface or vertically in the 0- to 10-cm soil depth following grain harvest and collected after 63, 122, 183, 246, 304, and 370 days. Samples were analyzed for dry matter, C, N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Zn. Dry matter loss was greater for buried (59% loss at the rainfed site vs. 64% at the irrigated site) than surface residue (49% loss at the rainfed site vs. 42% at the irrigated site). Residue N, P, S, content did not change over the duration of the study suggesting that these nutrients would play a limited role in nutrition for the subsequent crop. Residue K content declined exponentially over the duration of the study suggesting that cob residue K would be available to the subsequent crop. Residue Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu content increased during the study representing immobilization during decomposition. With the exception of K, nutrients contained in the cob fraction are immobilized during decomposition the year following harvest and should play a minor role in mineral nutrition of the subsequent crop.