ARS | Publication request: Genetic enhancement of peanut oil quality and disease resistance

Submitted to: United States Japan Natural Resources Forage Seed Panel
Publication Type: Proceedings
Publication Acceptance Date: August 2, 2010
Publication Date: August 20, 2010
Citation: Guo, B. Wang, M.L. 2010. Genetic enhancement of peanut oil quality and disease resistance. Proceedings of the United States-Japan Cooperative Program in Natural Resourses (UJNR) Food and Agriculture Panel, August 21-27, 2010, Baltimore, Maryland. p.49-51.

Interpretive Summary: Oleic (C18:1) and linoleic (C18:2) acids contribute over 80% of fatty acids in peanut oil. Normal peanut cultivars contain about 55% oleic acid and 25 % linoleic acid, whereas high oleate peanuts contain approximately 80 % oleic acid and 2 % linoleic acid. Consuming oil with a high percentage of oleic acid can potentially decrease blood low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, suppress tumorigenesis, and ameliorate inflammatory diseases. These obvious benefits drive the breeding effort toward developing high oleate peanuts. The objectives of this project were to develop recombinant inbred lines (RILs, derived from SunOleic 97R x NC94022 ) for genetic and genomic studies and enhancement of peanut oil quality and disease resistance. The major fatty acids (oleic acid, linoleic acid, and palmitic acid) were 83.5%, 1.8%, and 5.4% for SunOleic 97R and 35.3%, 42.6%, and 14.8% for NC94022, respectively. NC94022 is highly resistant to TSWV and moderately resistant to leaf spots. Genotypes of 190 F2:5 RILs have been completed. The total oil content of this population ranged from 41-54%. Thus, high oleic peanut lines with resistance to TSWV and leaf spots will be selected and DNA markers for marker-assisted selection on these traits will be developed and applied in genetic enhancement of peanut oil quality.

Technical Abstract: The objectives of this project were to develop recombinant inbred lines (RILs, derived from SunOleic 97R x NC94022 ) for genetic and genomic studies and enhancement of peanut oil quality and disease resistance. The major fatty acids (oleic acid, linoleic acid, and palmitic acid) were 83.5%, 1.8%, and 5.4% for SunOleic 97R and 35.3%, 42.6%, and 14.8% for NC94022, respectively. NC94022 is highly resistant to TSWV and moderately resistant to leaf spots. Genotypes of 190 F2:5 RILs have been completed. Phenotypes of 350 F2:7 RILs for fatty acid composition, O/L ratios, and disease resistance to TSWV and leaf spots are in progress. The total oil content of this population ranged from 41-54%. Thus, high oleic peanut lines with resistance to TSWV and leaf spots will be selected and DNA markers for marker-assisted selection on these traits will be developed and applied in genetic enhancement of peanut oil quality and healthy peanuts.