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Title: Identification of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, characterization of wheat cultivars for resistance, identification of resistant germplasm, and inheritance of resistance to stripe rust in Kazakhstan wheat cultivars

Author
item KOKHMETOVA, ALMA - Institute Of Kazakhstan
item Chen, Xianming
item RSALIEV, SHYNBOLAT - Kazakhstan Research Center

Submitted to: Asian and Australasian Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 3/5/2010
Publication Date: 9/3/2010
Citation: Kokhmetova, A., Chen, X., Rsaliev, S. 2010. Identification of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, characterization of wheat cultivars for resistance, identification of resistant germplasm, and inheritance of resistance to stripe rust in Kazakhstan wheat cultivars. Asian and Australasian Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology. (Special Issue 1):64-70.

Interpretive Summary: Stripe (yellow) rust is one of the major factors reducing the productivity of wheat crop. The region of Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan) is one of the most important wheat areas in the world. As there was practically no breeding work in the past on stripe rust, most varieties released for commercial production are susceptible to the disease. The development of breeding lines resistant to stripe rust is a very important task. Seedlings of winter wheat cultivars and advanced breeding lines from Central Asia were tested for resistance to five races of the stripe rust pathogen that are currently prevalent or were prevalent in the past in the USA. More virulent US races for wheat germplasm from Central Asia were represented by PST-17 and PST-100. Cultivars Taza, Krasnovodopadskaya 25, and Ulugbek 600 have all-stage resistance. The most effective resistant sources against stripe rust in this region are those with resistance genes Yr2+, Yr4+, Yr5, Yr10, and Yr15. Resistance genes Yr1, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8, Yr11, Yr12, and YrA that became ineffective in Kazakhstan were postulated in many cultivars. The study of virulent pathotypes using isogenic lines indicated that the most virulent pathotypes in Kazakhstan were 7E159, 15'159, 47'143 and 111E158, which are virulent to 9 or 10 Yr-genes of the 16 genes studied. The genetic studies identified genes conferring resistance to stripe rust in commercial varieties. Based on genes in resistance donors, we should be able to develop cultivars possessing an effective gene or combination of genes regarding to known virulent races of the pathogen.

Technical Abstract: Stripe (yellow) rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the major factors reducing the productivity of wheat crop. The region of Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan) is one of the most important wheat areas in the world. As there was practically no breeding work in the past on stripe rust, most varieties released for commercial production are susceptible to the disease. The development of donors and potential breeding lines resistant to stripe rust is a very important task. This problem is especially important for Kazakhstan because of changing epidemic situations and the few resistant wheat cultivars. In order to effectively combat stripe rust, it is necessary to find donors of resistance and study genetics of resistance. Seedlings of winter wheat cultivars and advanced breeding lines from Central Asia were tested for resistance to five races of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici that are currently prevalent or were prevalent in the past in the USA. More virulent US races of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici for wheat germplasm from Central Asia were represented by PST-17 and PST-100. Cultivars Taza, Krasnovodopadskaya 25, and Ulugbek 600 have all-stage (also called seedling) resistance. The most effective resistant sources against stripe rust in this region are those with genes Yr2+, Yr4+, Yr5, Yr10, and Yr15. Resistance genes Yr1, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8, Yr11, Yr12, and YrA became ineffective in Kazakhstan were postulated in many cultivars. The study of virulent pathotypes using isogenic lines of ‘Avocet Susceptible’ (AVS) indicated that the most virulent pathotypes in Kazakhstan were 7E159, 15'159, 47'143 and 111E158, which are virulent to 9 or 10 Yr-genes of the 16 Yr genes studied. The use of these pathotypes for evaluating wheat germplasm for resistance could help to improve breeding for stripe rust resistance. The number of genes and characters of gene interaction conferring resistance to stripe rust of the most important wheat genotypes were determined. The genetic studies identified genes conferring resistance to stripe rust in commercial varieties. Based on genes in resistance donors, we should be able to develop cultivars possessing an effective gene or combination of genes regarding to known virulent races of the pathogen.