ARS | Publication request: Crop rotation and tillage effects on a thermic ustalf on the Southern High Plains of Texas

Submitted to: ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting Abstracts
Publication Type: Abstract Only
Publication Acceptance Date: November 1, 2009
Publication Date: November 5, 2009
Citation: Van Pelt, R.S., Zobeck, T.M., Acosta Martinez, V. 2009. Crop rotation and tillage effects on a thermic ustalf on the Southern High Plains of Texas[abstract]. American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America. November 1-5, 2009. Pittsvurgh, Pennsylvania. Abstract No. 2009.53427.

Technical Abstract: Considerable research has indicated that changing from plow tillage to no-, minimum- or conservation-tillage will, for many soils, result in improved soil physical, chemical, and biochemical quality. Recently however, some researchers have reported that for sandy soils in warm temperature regimes, the benefits may not be as apparent or even be absent when compared to finer soils or soils in cooler temperature regimes. We have completed three rotations of cotton following sorghum and two rotations of cotton following cotton following sorghum on a Thermic Ustalf at the Big Spring Field Station near Big Spring, Texas, USA. Superimposed on these rotations are four tillage and residue management treatments consisting of 1.) conventional tillage of two passes with a disk plow followed by raising beds on 1 m spacing, 2.) ridge tillage where 1 m spaced beds are raised around the standing residues from the previous crop, 3.) no-tillage where the crop residues are shredded to within 15 cm of the surface, and 4.) no-tillage where the crop residues are left standing at full post-harvest height. The tillage and residue management treatments have resulted in dry matter and economic crop yield differences and differences in observed wind erosion. Net carbon in the soil and associated physical properties were not significantly affected by tillage or rotation. Microbial biomass, enzyme activities, and FAME were significantly affected by tillage and rotation.