Technical Abstract: Arthropod-borne animal viruses (arboviruses) cause significant economic losses to U.S. and world agriculture. This paper discusses the current and potential impact of these viruses, as well as the readiness and capacity of U.S. diagnostic laboratories and veterinary workforce to deal with these emerging and re-emerging insect transmitted viruses affecting livestock and wildlife. The development of validated diagnostics and effective control strategies and the formulation of reasonable animal regulatory statutes to reduce the economic impact on U.S. livestock requires understanding the molecular biology, epidemiology and pathogenesis of these arboviruses. The economic impact resulting from a lack of readiness and capacity could further damage the current U.S. economy. Although it is impossible to predict what will be the next arboviral introduction to or re-emergence in the U.S., many of the scientific tools and infrastructure outlined here would be applicable to pathogens not currently targeted.