Technical Abstract: An integral component of conservation agriculture systems in cotton is the use of a high-residue winter cover crop; however, terminating such cover crops is a cost and planting into high-residue is a challenge. Black oat, rye, and wheat winter cover crops were flattened with a straight-blade mechanical roller-crimper alone or followed by four rates of glyphosate. At 3 weeks after treatment at all locations, averaged across winter cover crops, rolling plus glyphosate at 0.42 kg ae/ha or greater terminated the covers = 96%. In 2004, cotton seed lint yield following rolled rye was higher than yield following non-rolled rye. In 2005, rolling rye excluding glyphosate or reduced rates of glyphosate decreased yield, likely due to rye immaturity at time of rolling. In 2006, cotton seed lint yield following rolled rye was similar to yield following a non-rolled rye winter cover crop. At Robertsdale in 2005, yield was highest following non-treated and non-rolled treatments. Rolling alone decreased yield by over 700 kg/ha. Increasing glyphosate rate in either rolled or non-rolled wheat decreased lint yield. At Tennessee Valley in 2005, rolling alone increased yield compared to non-treated plots. No increase in yield was observed by increasing glyphosate rates over rolling alone, reflecting adequate termination by the rolling treatment. Results showed that rolling followed by reduced glyphosate rates as low as 0.42 kg ae/ha can effectively and reliably terminate mature cereal winter cover crops; thus maintaining cotton population and protecting growth. Additionally, reduced glyphosate applied as low as 0.84 kg ae/ha alone can effectively terminate immature cereal covers. Rolling mature winter cereal cover crops will likely conserve more soil moisture compared to standing covers; however, rolling immature cereal cover crops provides no benefit.