Technical Abstract: This chapter presents an introduction to strawberry (Fragaria L) genomics. Botanical history, nomenclature, cultivation, traditional and mutational breeding, and new technologies are discussed. The taxonomic classification of the broad range of polyploidy species of Fragaria is given and their origins are discussed. Old and new world cultivation is described and the origin of the cultivated hybrid strawberry is summarized. Advances in hybrid strawberry composition based on traditional breeding approaches are provided. New discoveries of genes and markers are described. Structural and functional genomics of Fragaria are introduced. The chapter finishes with a section on “Biotechnological approaches to genetic improvement.”