Author
|
Submitted to: Applied Soil Ecology
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Publication Acceptance Date: 3/1/2007 Publication Date: 6/1/2007 Citation: Schreiner, R.P. 2007. Effects of native and nonnative arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth and nutrient uptake of 'Pinot Noir' (Vitis vinifera L.) in two soils with contrasting levels of phosporus. Applied Soil Ecology. 36:205-215. Interpretive Summary: Results from a greenhouse study that examined the effects of beneficial mycorrhizal fungi on growth and nutrient uptake by grapevines in different soil types showed that 1) grapevines grown in red hill soils (Ultisols) are heavily dependent on mycorrhizal fungi to supply P needed for growth and ultimately the acquisition of other nutrients, 2) grapevines grown in more fertile valley soils (Mollisols) are less dependent on mycorrhizal fungi, yet can still benefit in terms of greater P uptake, depending on plant demand for P (i.e. growth rate), 3) native isolates of AMF are not necessarily better adapted to specific soils in promoting growth and nutrient uptake of grapevines, and 4) differences in the capacity to enhance plant Cu uptake occurs within different populations of the same AM fungus species isolated from the different soils, which could be exploited in developing function-specific inocula for practical use. Future research to clarify the impact of AMF on P nutrition of grapevines grown in higher fertility soils under drier soil conditions is warranted. Technical Abstract: The influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on growth and nutrient uptake by ‘Pinot noir’ was studied in an alluvial valley soil (Chehalis series, Mollisol) and a red hill soil (Jory series, Ultisol) to better understand the role AMF play in vineyards planted in valley versus hillside sites in Oregon. The first experiment compared plant response in both soils to a mix of AMF species (Glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices, and Scutellospora calospora) isolated from Jory soil. Results showed that vine growth was heavily dependent on AMF in Jory soil, but inoculated and non-inoculated vines grew equally well in Chehalis soil. The increase in plant dry mass (274%) of ‘Pinot noir’ grown with AMF in Jory soil was primarily due to enhanced P uptake (833% increase). A second experiment compared plant response in both soils to either native or nonnative G. mosseae isolated from each respective soil type. Vine growth in Chehalis soil was not affected by either G. mosseae isolate, although both isolates increased P and Zn uptake and the native isolate enhanced Cu and S uptake. Both G. mosseae isolates enhanced vine growth in Jory soil, primarily due to improved P uptake; however, the nonnative isolate of G. mosseae colonized roots to a greater degree and was more effective in promoting growth and nutrient uptake than the native isolate. Results from these experiments show that ‘Pinot noir’ is dependent on AMF to obtain enough P for normal growth in red hill soils, while growth in valley soils is not dependent on AMF, even though P uptake can be improved by AMF in this soil. Native or nonnative G. mosseae isolates performed equally well in promoting P uptake in Chehalis soil; however, the Chehalis soil fungus outperformed the Jory soil fungus in Jory soil. |
