Author
Pinkerton, John | |
Kraus, Jennifer | |
Martin, Robert | |
Schreiner, Roger - Paul |
Submitted to: Journal of Nematology
Publication Type: Abstract Only Publication Acceptance Date: 4/2/2006 Publication Date: 6/1/2006 Citation: Pinkerton, J.N., Kraus, J.E., Martin, R.R., Schreiner, R.P. 2006. Epidemiology of Xiphinema americanum and tomato ringspot virus on red raspberry, Rubus idaeus. Journal of Nematology. 38(2):287. Interpretive Summary: Technical Abstract: Soil samples were collected monthly from 1999 through 2002 in 12 plots in a ToRSV infected “Willamette” red raspberry field in Clark Co. WA. Population densities of X. americanum were highest in the winter and lowest in the summer and correlated with monthly precipitation and mean soil temperature. All nematode stages were present in soil at all times of the year, but the proportion of juvenile stages was greatest in the winter. Cucumber seedlings were planted in soil collected each month and evaluated for nematode transmission of ToRSV with ELISA. The proportion of assay plants and plots in which virus was detected showed only weak seasonal trends and were not correlated with nematode densities. Soil samples were collected over a season from 2003 to 2004 in the same field. Transmission of ToRSV to cucumbers was monitored alongside an RT/PCR assay for ToRSV in hand-picked nematodes. ToRSV was detected in nematodes throughout the season with a higher frequency than in the transmission bioassay. Infection and systemic spread of virus was studied in ”Meeker” raspberry plants planted in root bags filled with field soil infested with viruliferous nematodes or fumigated soil. Four plants were sampled destructively at each sampling date from May 2001 to May 2003. ToRSV was detected by ELISA in fine root of one plant 5 months after planting and in all subterranean portions of plants after 12 months. Virus was detected in all aerial and subterranean tissues collected the second year. In 2002, plant growth was reduced significantly in nematode-ToRSV infested plants compared to those planted in fumigated soil. |