Technical Abstract: Information on food and nutrient intake was derived from a single 24-hour dietary recall collected on children who participated in a cross-sectional survey at age 10 and again in young adulthood. A cohort of 237 young adults who participated in the 1989–1991 young adult survey (ages 19 to 28 years) also participated in one of three cross-sectional surveys from 1973 to 1978 at 10 years of age. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to examine the longitudinal changes in intake of calcium and food sources from childhood to young adulthood. Total calcium intake at age 10 was not significantly different than total calcium intake of those same individuals when they were young adults. Gender differences were observed within the two age groups. However, this gender difference in total calcium intake did not exist after adjusting for energy intake in young adulthood. In both childhood (age 10 years) and young adulthood, African-American females had significantly lower total calcium intake than Euro-American males. A large percentage of 10-year-olds did not meet the RDA or AI for calcium intake (54% and 88% respectively), and this was also shown when they were young adults (77% and 75% respectively). More effective nutrition educational efforts are needed to emphasize the importance of adequate calcium intake and major food sources of calcium, beginning early in childhood and continuing into young adulthood.