Technical Abstract: Epidemiological studies strongly suggest a role for tomato products in the prevention of prostate cancer. The specific component that conveys the health benefit is unknown, but believed to be the red pigment lycopene. Mathematical modeling will be an important tool in providing information to be used for developing valid recommendations for lycopene intake. Compartmental modeling will be useful for generating rigorous values for lycopene bioavailability, storage pool sizes in the body, and rates of elimination, all key values for developing intake recommendations. Monte Carlo modeling can be used to investigate lycopene response in populations. In addition, modeling will be helpful to highlight differences in metabolic pathways for low-risk and high-risk individuals and will show the influence of lycopene supplementation on lycopene-sensitive processes that may be important for inhibiting cancer initiation, promotion, and/or progression.