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Title: Mesocarp RNASeq analysis of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) identify quarantine post-harvest treatment effects on gene expression

Author
item CASTRO, MITZUKKO - CENTRO DE INVESTIGACION EN ALIMENTACTION Y DESAROLLO
item ADRIAN, LEYVA - INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGIA
item CARMEN, VERGARA - CENTRO DE INVESTIGACION EN ALIMENTACTION Y DESAROLLO
item ADRIAN, ALMAZAN - CENTRO DE INVESTIGACION EN ALIMENTACTION Y DESAROLLO
item MARISELA, DOMINGEUEZ - CENTRO DE INVESTIGACION EN ALIMENTACTION Y DESAROLLO
item SERGIO, FLORES - LABORATORIOS VIRBAC MEXICO S.A. DE C.V.
item BARAJAS, ADRIANA - CENTRO DE INVESTIGACION EN ALIMENTACTION Y DESAROLLO
item ENCISO, TOMAS - CENTRO DE INVESTIGACION EN ALIMENTACTION Y DESAROLLO
item TELLEZ, MIGUEL - CENTRO DE INVESTIGACION EN ALIMENTACTION Y DESAROLLO
item SANUDO, MANUEL - CENTRO DE INVESTIGACION EN ALIMENTACTION Y DESAROLLO
item FIGUEROA, FRANCISCO - INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL, CENTRO DE DESARROLLO DE PRODUCTOS BIOTICOS (CEPROBI)
item KUHN, DAVID
item OSUNA, MARIA - CENTRO DE INVESTIGACION EN ALIMENTACTION Y DESAROLLO

Submitted to: Scientia Horticulturae
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 9/25/2017
Publication Date: 1/3/2018
Citation: Castro, M., Adrian, L., Carmen, V., Adrian, A., Marisela, D., Sergio, F., Barajas, A., Enciso, T., Tellez, M., Sanudo, M., Figueroa, F., Kuhn, D.N., Osuna, M. 2018. Mesocarp RNASeq analysis of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) identify quarantine post-harvest treatment effects on gene expression. Scientia Horticulturae. Vol. 227(146-153).

Interpretive Summary: Quarantine measures to prevent insect dispersion include modified atmospheres or hot water treatment (HWT) for mango. The effect of HWT on mango “Ataulfo” at mature-green and ripe stages on gene expression was evaluated by RNA-seq. 27,629 ORF were annotated according to nr database and most of the changes on gene expression due to the HWT occurred at the mature-green stage with 903 differentially expressed genes (Log2 fold-change =4, FDR<0.05). Up-regulated transcripts in HWT fruit have roles in transcription regulation, carbohydrate metabolism, defense response, cell wall modification, intracellular signal transduction, stress and heat shock response, response to oxidative stress, lipid metabolic process, and transferase activity. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis in molecular function level showed that HWT stimulated gene expression of hydrolase activity and these transcripts belong to sucrose, starch and cell wall polysaccharidemetabolic processes. Among them, putative genes for pectin methylesterases, pectatelyases, polygalacturonases, ß-galactosidases and rhamnogalacturonan lyases were identified. As shown by RT-qPCR the expression of five of these genes was upregulated due to the HWT and the activities of polygalacturonase, pectate lyase andbeta-galactosidase were induced by HWT. Transcripts down-regulated by the HWT include those that code for putative cell surface adhesion proteins, ethylene responsive transcription factors, arabinogalactan proteins, response to stress,cytochrome p450, kinases for defense-related processes, fatty acid metabolism, flavonoid and volatile esters biosynthesis, and genes associated with photosynthesis. The HWT effects on gene expression are more pronounced few days after treatment and the metabolism is dramatically affected beyond the heat shock response. Keywords: ß-galactosidase, heat shock protein, 63 hot water treatment, Mangifera 64 indica L., pectate lyases, pectin, polygalacturonases, rhamnogalacturonate lyases.

Technical Abstract: The United States is the world’s largest importer of mangos. Before mangos can enter the US, they must be hot water treated to eliminate the eggs of an insect pest. The National Mango Board, a USDA supported commodity group, as well as mango exporters, importers and wholesale and retail distributors are interested in the effects of the hot water treatment on the taste, texture, ripening and shelf life of mango. We have taken a novel genomics approach to determine the effect of the hot water treatment on the normal post-harvest ripening of mango prior to shipping. The expression of genes for enzymes that cause cell wall degradation (softening) in the mango pulp is significantly increased early in the post-harvest ripening period of mango. Altered ripening may also affect skin color, pulp texture, flavor and shelf life. This work supplies important information to mango research scientists and mango importers, exporters and distributors on the effect of hot water treatment on the cultivar 'Ataulfo'.