Earthy and musty off-flavor episodes in catfish split-pond aquaculture systems

Authors: Schrader, Kevin; Tucker, Craig; BROWN, TRAVIS - Brunswick Community College; WHITIS, GREGORY - Auburn University

Submitted to: North American Journal of Aquaculture
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 9/15/2017
Publication Date: 2/12/2018
Publication URL: https://handle.nal.usda.gov/10113/6472482
Citation: Schrader, K., Tucker, C.S., Brown, T.W., Whitis, G.N. 2018. Earthy and musty off-flavor episodes in catfish split-pond aquaculture systems. North American Journal of Aquaculture. 80:26-41.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10005

Interpretive Summary: Novel split-pond systems are being used more frequently by catfish producers in the southeastern United States. The study determined that the occurrences and intensities of earthy and musty off-flavor problems in split-pond systems are very similar to those that can occur in conventional catfish ponds which producers have utilized in the past. Subsequently, catfish farmers can utilize similar management practices for pond water quality and for undesirable species of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) in split-ponds as to those used for conventional ponds.

Technical Abstract: The interest and use of variations of partitioned aquaculture systems (PAS) by the southeastern U.S. catfish farming industry continues to grow. Split-pond systems, one type of PAS, are designed to improve management of dissolved oxygen levels and fish waste products (e.g., ammonia) compared to conventional earthen ponds that have been used for many decades. While recent studies of split-pond systems have focused on design, water flow rates, and management practices, there has not been any assessment of the occurrences and intensities of common “off-flavor” episodes in these split-ponds. For the current study, pond water samples were collected from split-ponds at a commercial farm in west Alabama and at a research facility in west Mississippi approximately every 3 to 4 weeks during the fish grow-out period (May to November) during 2014 and 2015. In addition, catfish fillet samples were obtained in late summer and autumn from these same split-ponds. Concentrations of the “earthy” and “musty” off-flavor compounds geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), respectively, in water and fillet samples were determined. Sensory analysis was also performed on catfish fillets collected during 2014. The highest geosmin and MIB concentrations detected in split-pond water during the study were 898 and 22,651 ng/L, respectively. Geosmin and MIB concentrations in split-pond water were often higher in summer and autumn, and concentrations were similar to those reported previously for conventional ponds. The highest geosmin and MIB concentrations detected in fillets during the study were 1,712 and 29,851 ng/kg, respectively. Concentrations of these compounds in fillets and the description and intensities determined via sensory analysis were similar to those reported previously for off-flavor catfish from conventional ponds. Accordingly, catfish farmers using split-ponds can utilize similar management approaches as those used to mitigate earthy and musty off-flavor problems in catfish raised in conventional ponds (e.g., applications of algicides).