Author
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Submitted to: Book Chapter
Publication Type: Book / Chapter Publication Acceptance Date: 4/14/2017 Publication Date: 6/15/2017 Citation: Wintermantel, W.M. 2017. Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus. In: Keinath, A.P., Wintermantel, W.M., Zitter, T.A., editors. Compendium of Cucurbit Diseases and Pests. 2nd edition. St. Paul, MN: APS Press. p. 123-125. Interpretive Summary: Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV), a whitefly-transmitted virus (genus Crinivirus, family Closteroviridae) is distributed throughout the Middle East, most of the Mediterranean Basin, North America, and Central America. Symptoms are similar on most cucurbits, although early mottle symptoms are more frequently observed on melon than on other cucurbits. Virus-induced yellowing symptoms are more prominent on older leaves, whereas younger leaves are initially symptomless, developing yellowing symptoms over time. CYSDV infections result in reduced plant vigor, and can significantly reduce fruit sugar (Brix), resulting in poor tasting, unmarketable fruit. The virus genome is composed of two distinct molecules of ssRNA, and most CYSDV isolates are highly conserved genetically. Antisera have been produced to the expressed capsid protein of CYSDV that effectively detect and quantify CYSDV levels from infected cucurbit plants; however, for routine detection of CYSDV and differentiation from related viruses or others producing similar symptoms RT-PCR remains the most reliable method. CYSDV is transmitted very efficiently by B. tabaci biotypes B (MEAM1), and Q (MED). Both biotypes are prevalent in many significant cucurbit production regions of the world, and if vector populations are high it is virtually impossible to prevent infection of cucurbits. CYSDV is primarily managed through insecticide based vector control; however, increasing efforts are focusing on development of virus resistance, particularly in cucumber and cantaloupe melon with studies suggesting that a combination of resistance and insecticide treatment may provide effective control. Technical Abstract: Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV), a whitefly-transmitted virus (genus Crinivirus, family Closteroviridae) is distributed throughout the Middle East, most of the Mediterranean Basin, North America, and Central America. Symptoms are similar on most cucurbits, although early mottle symptoms are more frequently observed on melon than on other cucurbits. Virus-induced yellowing symptoms are more prominent on older leaves, whereas younger leaves are initially symptomless, developing yellowing symptoms over time. CYSDV infections result in reduced plant vigor, and can significantly reduce fruit sugar (Brix), resulting in poor tasting, unmarketable fruit. The virus genome is composed of two distinct molecules of ssRNA, and most CYSDV isolates are highly conserved genetically. Antisera have been produced to the expressed capsid protein of CYSDV that effectively detect and quantify CYSDV levels from infected cucurbit plants; however, for routine detection of CYSDV and differentiation from related viruses or others producing similar symptoms RT-PCR remains the most reliable method. CYSDV is transmitted very efficiently by B. tabaci biotypes B (MEAM1), and Q (MED). Both biotypes are prevalent in many significant cucurbit production regions of the world, and if vector populations are high it is virtually impossible to prevent infection of cucurbits. CYSDV is primarily managed through insecticide based vector control; however, increasing efforts are focusing on development of virus resistance, particularly in cucumber and cantaloupe melon with studies suggesting that a combination of resistance and insecticide treatment may provide effective control. |
